Raised bog hummocks, ridges and lawns
Quick facts
| EUNIS habitat type | code D1.111 |
|---|
Description (English)
Vegetation of the higher parts of the plateau of Palaearctic bogs and of its drier, marginal slope. Intact, typical, raised bogs of northern, lowland and low montane central and eastern Europe display an alternance of well-marked sphagnum hummocks, colonized or not, especially in their drier upper part, by small shrubs, lower, wetter, flat lawns and wet hollows or schlenken. Sphagnum hummocks with no, or few, shrubs are listed in unit D1.1111, sphagnum hummocks, or parts of them, colonized by shrubs in unit D1.1113, lawns in unit D1.1112. In bogs under strong oceanic influence, in high-altitude bogs, in bogs subjected to minerotrophic influences or anthropogenic degradation, a sparse cover of shrubs or tussock-forming graminoids may become ubiquitous and the distinction between hummock and lawn, or even between hummock, lawn and hollow, blurred, in bogs that are often somewhat intermediate towards blanket bogs. Such communities are listed in units D1.1114 to D1.1116, as well as in D1.114 and in D1.121; in some of them sphagna may be scarce or replaced by bryopsid mosses. Well-defined sphagnum hummocks of unit D1.1111 may nevertheless develop in conjunction with them. The dominance role is played by deergrass, Scirpus cespitosus, in montane central European bogs, or parts of bogs listed in unit D1.1114. In Atlantic bogs listed in unit D1.1115 it is played by Erica tetralix. Somewhat degraded bogs, in particular, bogs affected by anthropozoogenic influences in Atlantic climates, may be overwhelmingly dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum, usually with complete blurring of the structure. They are listed in unit D1.1116. More severely degraded bogs, invaded by Molinia caerulea, are listed in unit D1.121. The highly distinctive shrub and sphagnum or shrub and moss hummocks bog expanses of the montane, rapidly dessicating, bogs of the boreal and subarctic zones are listed in unit D1.114 Sphagnum hummocks forming in acidic fens (unit D2.2), transition mires (unit D2.3) or, sometimes, rich fens (unit D4.1), are also indicated by codes of units D1.1111 or D1.1113.
Source: EUNIS habitat classification
Vegetation types
Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)
Not availableSpecies mentioned in habitat description
Flowering Plants
Erica tetralix
Flowering Plants
Eriophorum vaginatum
Flowering Plants
Molinia caerulea
Flowering Plants
Scirpus cespitosus
| Species scientific name | English common name | Species group |
|---|---|---|
| Erica tetralix | Flowering Plants | |
| Eriophorum vaginatum | Flowering Plants | |
| Molinia caerulea | Flowering Plants | |
| Scirpus cespitosus | Flowering Plants |
Other classifications
| Classification | Code | Habitat type name | Relationship type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 200112 | 51.11 | Bog hummocks, ridges and lawns | source |
| CORINE Land Cover | 4.1.2. | Peatbogs | n/a |
| Nordic Vegetation Classification 1994 | 3.1.2.1 | Alpine heather - Crowberry - Sphagnum fuscum type | n/a |
| Nordic Vegetation Classification 1994 | 3.1.2.3 | Heather-Sphagnum magellanicum type | n/a |
| Nordic Vegetation Classification 1994 | 3.1.3.2 | Hare's-tail Cotton grass-Sphagnum magellanicum type | n/a |
| Nordic Vegetation Classification 1994 | 3.1.3.4 | Hare's-tail Cotton grass-Sphagnum angustifolium type | n/a |
| Nordic Vegetation Classification 1994 | 3.1.2.2 | Heather - Crowberry - Sphagnum fuscum type | n/a |
| Nordic Vegetation Classification 1994 | 3.1.3.1 | Hare's-tail Cotton grass-Sphagnum fuscum type | n/a |
| Nordic Vegetation Classification 1994 | 3.1.2.1a | Alpine variant with Sphagnum fuscum | n/a |
| Nordic Vegetation Classification 1994 | 3.1.2.4 | Heather-Sphagnum rubellum type | n/a |
| Nordic Vegetation Classification 1994 | 3.1.3.3 | Hare's-tail Cotton grass-Sphagnum rubellum type | n/a |
| Nordic Vegetation Classification 1994 | 3.1.3.5 | Hare's-tail Cotton grass-Sphagnum balticum type | n/a |
| National Vegetation Classification (UK) | M18 | Erica tetralix-Sphagnum papillosum raised and blanket mire | overlap |
| Milieux Naturels de Suisse 1998 | 2.4.1 | Tourbière à sphaignes | wider |
| Biotopes of the Czech Republic 2001 | R3.1 | OTEVŘENÁ VRCHOVIŠTĚ (Open raised bogs) | same |
History
| Classification | Code | Habitat type name | Relationship type |
|---|---|---|---|
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410 | D1.111 | Raised bog hummocks, ridges and lawns | same |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308 | D1.111 | Raised bog hummocks, ridges and lawns | same |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202 | D1.111 | Raised bog hummocks, ridges and lawns | same |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910 | D1.111 | Raised bog hummocks, ridges and lawns | same |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811 | D1.111 | Raised bog hummocks, ridges and lawns | same |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 199712 | D1.111 | Raised bog hummocks, ridges and lawns | same |
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 199905 | 51.11 | Bog hummocks, ridges and lawns | same |
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1997 | 51.11 | Bog hummocks, ridges and lawns | same |
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1996 | 51.11 | same | |
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1993 | 51.11 | same | |
| CORINE Biotopes Classification 1991 | 51.11 | same |
