EUNIS habitat classification 2012 amended 2019 > G - Woodland, forest and other wooded land > G3 - Coniferous woodland > G3.1 - Abies and Picea woodland

Abies and Picea woodland

English name: Fir and spruce woodland

Description (English)

Woodland dominated by Abies or Picea.

Source: EUNIS habitat classification

Quick facts

EUNIS habitat type	code G3.1
Relation to	Annex I habitat types (EU Habitats Directive)

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Legal text	Annex	Name in legal text	Code in legal text	Habitat type relationship	More information
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Moesian silver fir forests	91BA	Wider	http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Holy Cross fir forest (Abietetum polonicum)	91P0	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis	9270	Overlap
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea)	9410	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Southern Apennine Abies alba forests	9510	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Abies pinsapo forests	9520	Wider

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Name	Definition	Other names	Reference
Aconito rubicundi-Abietion sibiricae Anekhonov et Chytrý 1998	Mesophilous boreal coniferous forests with tall-herb undergrowth of South Urals and southern Siberia		Schaminee et al, 2012
Symphyto cordati-Fagion (Vida 1963) Täuber 1982	Refugial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of Carpathians	Acerion dacicum Soó 1964; Fagion dacicum Soó 1960; Symphyto cordati-Fagion Soó 1964	Schaminee et al, 2012
Chrysanthemo rotundifolii-Piceion (Krajina 1934) Brezina et Hadac in Hadac 1962	Herb-rich mesophilous spruce forests of Central and north European mountains	Athyrio alpestris-Piceion excelsae Sýkora 1971; Chrysanthemion rotundifolii Krajina 1933; Chrysanthemion rotundifolii Krajina 1934	Schaminee et al, 2012
Abietion cephalonicae Horvat et al. 1974	Hellenic fir and black pine montane forests	Abietion borisii-regis Em 1985; Abieti cephalonicae-Pinion pallasianae Barbero et Quézel ex Quézel et al. 1992; Abietion borisii-regis Em in B. Jovanovic et al. 1986	Schaminee et al, 2012
Lonicero alpigenae-Fagion (Borhidi ex Soó 1964) Dierschke 1997	Post-glacial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of northern and southern piedmonts of Alps	Fagion austroalpinum P. Fukarek 1979	Schaminee et al, 2012
Fagion moesiacae Blecic et Lakušic 1970	Refugial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of eastern Dinarides and Rodopi	Doronico orientalis-Fagion moesiacae (Raus ex Bergmeier 1990 ) Dierschke 2004; Doronico orientalis-Fagion moesiacae Dierschke 1998; Fagion hellenicum Horvat et al. 1974; Fagion moesiacae Dafis 1973; Fagion moesiacae Horvat et al. 1974; Fagion moesiacae To¨ro¨k, Podani et Borhidi 1989; Fagion moesiacae subalpinum B. Jovanovic 1976; Fagion moesiacum P. Fukarek 1969; Fagion orientalis Borza et Boscaiu 1965; Doronico columnae-Fagion moesiacae (Dzwonko et al. 1999) Dierschke 2004; Seslerio autumnalis-Fagion moesiacae (Blecic et Lakušic 1970) Redžic et Barudanovic 2010	Schaminee et al, 2012
Paeonio broteroi-Abietion pinsapo (Rivas-Mart. 1987) Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002	Betic relic fir forests with Abies pinsapo on dolomitic and ultramafic rocks	Paeonio broteroi-Abietion pinsapo Rivas-Mart. 1982; Paeonio broteroi-Abietion pinsapo (Rivas-Mart. 1987) Rivas-Mart. et al. 2001	Schaminee et al, 2012
Geranio striati-Fagion Gentile 1970	Refugial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of Southern Apennines and southwestern Balkans	Aremonio-Fagion Gentile 1963; Fagion austro-italicum Soó 1964; Fagion hellenicum Quézel 1967; Fagion mediterraneo-montanum A. Hofmann 1960; Fagion mediterraneo-montanum Br.-Bl. 1960; Fagion meridionale Bonin 1968; Lamio flexuosi-Fagion Gentile 1969; Campanulo trrichocalycinae-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1990; Doronico orientalis-Fagion sylvaticae Ubaldi et al. ex Ubaldi 1995; Campanulo trichocalycinae-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1986; Campanulo trrichocalycinae-Fagion Ubaldi ex S. Brullo et al. 2001; Aquifolio-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1986 (orig. form); Doronico orientalis-Fagion sylvaticae Ubaldi et al. 1990; Geranio versicoloris-Fagion Gentile 1970 nom. mut. propos.	Schaminee et al, 2012
Fagion orientalis Soó 1964	Mesic oriental beech forests on basic soils of southeastern Balkan Peninsula, Crimea, northern Anatolia and Colchis region	Rhododendro pontici-Fagion orientalis Horvat et al. 1974; Rhododendro pontici-Fagion orientalis Horvat et al. ex Passarge 1981; Carpino-Fagion orientalis Kavgaci et al. 2012; Carpino-Fagion orientalis Zohary 1973; Dentario quinquefoliae-Fagion Didukh 1996; Fagion orientalis Korzhenevsky 1962; Fagion orientalis Korzhenevsky et Kyselev 1982; Fagion orientalis Quézel et al. 1980; Fagion orientalis colchicum Zohary 1973; Fagion orientalis euxinum Zohary 1973; Fagion tauricum Borhidi in Soó 1964; Lauroceraso-Fagion Horvat et al. 1974; Querco-Fagion orientalis Zohary 1973; Fagion orientalis Quézel, Barbero et Akman ex Quézel et al. 1992; Violo odoratae-Fagion orientalis Kavgaci et al. 2012	Schaminee et al, 2012
Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Abietion Horvat 1962 nom. invers. propos.	Coniferous forests with tall-herb undergowth on limestone and dolomite boulder screes in montane to subalpine belst in western Balkans	Abieti-Calamagrostion arundinaceae Horvat 1954; Abieti-Calamagrostion arundinaceae Horvat 1962	Schaminee et al, 2012
Abieti-Piceion (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939) Soó 1964	Mesophilous fir forests on brown forest soils of Central and southwestern European mountains	Abietion albae Brezina et Hadac in Hadac ex Hadac 1965; Abieti-Piceion excelsae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939; Abietion albae Isser 1931; Abietion silicicolum P. Fukarek 1969; Blechno-Abietion albae P. Fukarek 1969; Galio rotundifolii-Abietion albae Oberd. 1957; Piceion abietis Lakušic et al. 1979; Piceion omoricae Lakušic 1975; Piceion omorikae Lakušic 1977; Piceo-Abietion albae Ellenberg et Klötzli 1972; Vaccinio-Abietion albae Oberd. 1962; Galio rotundifolii-Abietion albae (Oberd. 1962) Rivas-Martínez 1987	Schaminee et al, 2012
Aremonio-Fagion Török et al. ex Marincek et al. 1993	Beech and mixed beech-fir forests of Illyrian region and western Dinarides and central Italy	Fagion circumpannonicum P. Fukarek 1977; Fagion illyricum Horvat 1938; Fagion illyricum Horvat 1950; Fago-Colurnion Borhidi 1963 (orig. form); Lonicero-Fagion Borhidi 1963; Aremonio-Fagion (Horvat 1938) Borhidi in Török et al. 1989	Schaminee et al, 2012
Vaccinio-Fagion orientalis Passarge 1981	Oriental beech forests on nutrient-poor acid soils of Colchis region		Schaminee et al, 2012
Luzulo-Fagion sylvaticae Lohmeyer et Tx. in Tx. 1954	Acidophilous beech forests of Western, Central and southeastern Europe	Maianthemo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Polygonato verticillati-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Eu-Myrtillo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968 (orig. form); Myrtillo-Fagion sylvaticae G. Hofmann et Passarge in Scamoni 1963 (orig. form); Molinio-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Deschampsio-Fagion sylvaticae Soó 1962; Deschampsio-Fagion sylvaticae Soó 1964; Deschampsio-Fagion sylvaticae Soó 1971; Dicrano-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Eu-Luzulo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Fagion moesiacum P. Fukarek 1969; Eu-Myrtillo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968 (orig. form); Maianthemo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Melampyro-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Molinio-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Eu-Luzulo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Melampyro-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Myrtillo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968 (orig. form)	Schaminee et al, 2012
Piceion excelsae Pawlowski et al. 1928	European boreo-montane spruce and pine forests of nutrient-poor habitats	Oxalido-Piceion excelsae (Krajina 1933) Brezina et Hadac in Hadac 1962; Pleurozio-Piceion abietis Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Linnaeo-Piceion excelsae (Br.-Bl. et Sissingh in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939) Oberd. 1979; Piceion abietis Pawlowski et al. 1928 nom. mut. propos.; Oxalidion acetosellae Krajina 1933; Oxalidion acetosellae Krajina 1934; Piceion illyrico-moesiacum P. Fukarek 1969; Piceion septentrionale Tx. 1955; Pleurozio-Piceion abietis Passarge 1968; Linnaeo-Piceion abietis (Br.-Bl. et Sissingh in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939) Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011; Vaccinio-Piceion excelsae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939; Pinion cembrae Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011	Schaminee et al, 2012
Fagion sylvaticae Luquet 1926	Post-glacial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of western Central and northern Europe	Fraxino excelsioris-Fagion sylvaticae Hofmann et Passarge 1963; Abieti albae-Fagion sylvaticae Gillet 1986; Antherico-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Asperulo-Fagion Knapp 1942; Asperulo-Fagion Knapp in Tx. et Oberd. 1958; Asperulo-Fagion Tx. 1955; Dentario-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Eu-Asperulo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Eu-Fagion Klika in Klika et Novák 1941; Eu-Fagion medioeuropaeum Soó 1960; Eu-Fraxino-Fagion sylvaticae Passrage 1968; Fagion medio-europaeum Soó 1962; Galio-Fagion sylvaticae Moor 1978; Impatienti-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Petasito-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Rumici arifolii-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Galio odorati-Fagion Knapp ex Tx. et Oberd. 1958 nom. mut. propos.	Schaminee et al, 2012

Species mentioned in habitat description

Not available

Other classifications

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 200112	42.1	Western Palaearctic fir forests	narrower
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 200112	42.2	Western Palaearcic orogenous spruce forests	narrower
CORINE Land Cover	3.1.2.	Coniferous forest	n/a
BEAR Forest Types for Biodiversity Assessment	08	Mixed spruce and fir forest	narrower
Phase 1 habitat classification (UK) 1993	A121	Woodland: coniferous, semi-natural	overlap
Milieux Naturels de Suisse 1998	6.5	Forêts de tourbières	overlap
Milieux Naturels de Suisse 1998	6.6	Forêts de cônifères d'altitude	narrower
Biotopes of Slovakia 1996	2117500	Smrekové lesy zamokrené	n/a
Biotopes of Slovakia 1996	2117200	Jedlové a jedlovo-smrekové lesy	n/a

For relation to plant communities (syntaxa), see Vegetation types

History

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410	G3.1	Abies and Picea woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308	G3.1	Abies and Picea woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202	G3.1	Abies and Picea woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910	G3.1	Abies and Picea woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811	G3.1	Abies and Picea woodland	same

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