EUNIS habitat classification 2012 amended 2019 > G - Woodland, forest and other wooded land > G1 - Broadleaved deciduous woodland > G1.6 - Fagus woodland

Fagus woodland

English name: Beech woodland

Description (English)

Forests dominated by beech Fagus sylvatica in western and central Europe, and Fagus orientalis and other Fagus species in southeastern Europe and the Pontic region. Many montane formations are mixed beech-fir or beech-fir-spruce forests, which are listed under G4.6

Source:
EUNIS habitat classification
Interpretation Manual of the habitats targeted by Resolution No. 4

Quick facts

EUNIS habitat type	code G1.6
Bern Convention	Resolution 4 habitat type (used for designation of Emerald sites)
Relation to	Annex I habitat types (EU Habitats Directive)

Legal status

Mentioned in the following international legal instruments and agreements

Legal text	Annex	More information
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats (Bern Convention)	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2014)	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Legal text	Annex	Name in legal text	Code in legal text	Habitat type relationship	More information
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests	9110	Wider	http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer (Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion)	9120	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests	9130	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius	9140	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion	9150	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests (Aremonio-Fagion)	91K0	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Western Pontic beech forests	91S0	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Dacian Beech forests (Symphyto-Fagion)	91V0	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Moesian beech forests	91W0	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Dobrogean beech forests	91X0	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Apeninne beech forests with Taxus and Ilex	9210	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Apennine beech forests with Abies alba and beech forests with Abies nebrodensis	9220	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis	9270	Overlap
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Quercus frainetto woods	9280	Wider

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Name	Definition	Other names	Reference
Aremonio-Fagion Török et al. ex Marincek et al. 1993	Beech and mixed beech-fir forests of Illyrian region and western Dinarides and central Italy	Fagion circumpannonicum P. Fukarek 1977; Fagion illyricum Horvat 1938; Fagion illyricum Horvat 1950; Fago-Colurnion Borhidi 1963 (orig. form); Lonicero-Fagion Borhidi 1963; Aremonio-Fagion (Horvat 1938) Borhidi in Török et al. 1989	Schaminee et al, 2012
Scillo lilio-hyacinthi-Fagion Br.-Bl. 1967	Refugial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of Pyrenees and Cantabrian region	Scillo-Fagion Soo 1964	Schaminee et al, 2012
Symphyto cordati-Fagion (Vida 1963) Täuber 1982	Refugial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of Carpathians	Acerion dacicum Soó 1964; Fagion dacicum Soó 1960; Symphyto cordati-Fagion Soó 1964	Schaminee et al, 2012
Ilici-Fagion sylvaticae Br.-Bl. 1967	Acidophilous beech forests of northern Iberian Peninsula		Schaminee et al, 2012
Galio rotundifolii-Fagion Gamisans 1975	Relict beech forests of Corsica	Fago-Pinion corsianae Br.-Bl. 1955; Galio rotundifolii-Fagion Gamisans 1977	Schaminee et al, 2012
Seslerio-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968	Refugial thermophilous beech forests on calcareous bedrocks of Central Europe	Mercuriali-Fagion sylvaticae G. Hofmann in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Seslerio albicantis-Mercurialion perennis Gillet 1986; Cephalanthero-Fagion sylvaticae Tx. 1955; Eu-Mercuriali-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Cephalanthero-Fagion sylvaticae (Tx. in Tx. et Oberd. 1958) Presing in Preising et al. 2003; Sorbo torminalis-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Mercuriali-Fagion sylvaticae G. Hofmann in Passarge 1968; Cephalanthero-Fagion sylvaticae (Tx. in Tx. et Oberd. 1958) Rameau in Royer et al. 2006; Seslerio-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Eu-Mercuriali-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Buxo-Fago-Abietion Barbero et Quézel 1975 (orig. form); Sorbo torminalis-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968	Schaminee et al, 2012
Geranio nodosi-Fagion Gentile ex Feoli et Lagonegro 1982	Refugial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of Northern and Central Apennines	Geranio nodosi-Fagion Gentile 1975	Schaminee et al, 2012
Lonicero alpigenae-Fagion (Borhidi ex Soó 1964) Dierschke 1997	Post-glacial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of northern and southern piedmonts of Alps	Fagion austroalpinum P. Fukarek 1979	Schaminee et al, 2012
Geranio striati-Fagion Gentile 1970	Refugial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of Southern Apennines and southwestern Balkans	Aremonio-Fagion Gentile 1963; Fagion austro-italicum Soó 1964; Fagion hellenicum Quézel 1967; Fagion mediterraneo-montanum A. Hofmann 1960; Fagion mediterraneo-montanum Br.-Bl. 1960; Fagion meridionale Bonin 1968; Lamio flexuosi-Fagion Gentile 1969; Campanulo trrichocalycinae-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1990; Doronico orientalis-Fagion sylvaticae Ubaldi et al. ex Ubaldi 1995; Campanulo trichocalycinae-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1986; Campanulo trrichocalycinae-Fagion Ubaldi ex S. Brullo et al. 2001; Aquifolio-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1986 (orig. form); Doronico orientalis-Fagion sylvaticae Ubaldi et al. 1990; Geranio versicoloris-Fagion Gentile 1970 nom. mut. propos.	Schaminee et al, 2012
Fagion moesiacae Blecic et Lakušic 1970	Refugial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of eastern Dinarides and Rodopi	Doronico orientalis-Fagion moesiacae (Raus ex Bergmeier 1990 ) Dierschke 2004; Doronico orientalis-Fagion moesiacae Dierschke 1998; Fagion hellenicum Horvat et al. 1974; Fagion moesiacae Dafis 1973; Fagion moesiacae Horvat et al. 1974; Fagion moesiacae To¨ro¨k, Podani et Borhidi 1989; Fagion moesiacae subalpinum B. Jovanovic 1976; Fagion moesiacum P. Fukarek 1969; Fagion orientalis Borza et Boscaiu 1965; Doronico columnae-Fagion moesiacae (Dzwonko et al. 1999) Dierschke 2004; Seslerio autumnalis-Fagion moesiacae (Blecic et Lakušic 1970) Redžic et Barudanovic 2010	Schaminee et al, 2012
Fagion sylvaticae Luquet 1926	Post-glacial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of western Central and northern Europe	Fraxino excelsioris-Fagion sylvaticae Hofmann et Passarge 1963; Abieti albae-Fagion sylvaticae Gillet 1986; Antherico-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Asperulo-Fagion Knapp 1942; Asperulo-Fagion Knapp in Tx. et Oberd. 1958; Asperulo-Fagion Tx. 1955; Dentario-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Eu-Asperulo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Eu-Fagion Klika in Klika et Novák 1941; Eu-Fagion medioeuropaeum Soó 1960; Eu-Fraxino-Fagion sylvaticae Passrage 1968; Fagion medio-europaeum Soó 1962; Galio-Fagion sylvaticae Moor 1978; Impatienti-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Petasito-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Rumici arifolii-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Galio odorati-Fagion Knapp ex Tx. et Oberd. 1958 nom. mut. propos.	Schaminee et al, 2012
Fagion orientalis Soó 1964	Mesic oriental beech forests on basic soils of southeastern Balkan Peninsula, Crimea, northern Anatolia and Colchis region	Rhododendro pontici-Fagion orientalis Horvat et al. 1974; Rhododendro pontici-Fagion orientalis Horvat et al. ex Passarge 1981; Carpino-Fagion orientalis Kavgaci et al. 2012; Carpino-Fagion orientalis Zohary 1973; Dentario quinquefoliae-Fagion Didukh 1996; Fagion orientalis Korzhenevsky 1962; Fagion orientalis Korzhenevsky et Kyselev 1982; Fagion orientalis Quézel et al. 1980; Fagion orientalis colchicum Zohary 1973; Fagion orientalis euxinum Zohary 1973; Fagion tauricum Borhidi in Soó 1964; Lauroceraso-Fagion Horvat et al. 1974; Querco-Fagion orientalis Zohary 1973; Fagion orientalis Quézel, Barbero et Akman ex Quézel et al. 1992; Violo odoratae-Fagion orientalis Kavgaci et al. 2012	Schaminee et al, 2012
Vaccinio-Fagion orientalis Passarge 1981	Oriental beech forests on nutrient-poor acid soils of Colchis region		Schaminee et al, 2012
Endymio non-scripti-Fagion Dierschke (1989) 1998	Beech forests of British Isles and Atlantic seaboards of Western Europe		Schaminee et al, 2012
Luzulo-Fagion sylvaticae Lohmeyer et Tx. in Tx. 1954	Acidophilous beech forests of Western, Central and southeastern Europe	Maianthemo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Polygonato verticillati-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Eu-Myrtillo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968 (orig. form); Myrtillo-Fagion sylvaticae G. Hofmann et Passarge in Scamoni 1963 (orig. form); Molinio-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Deschampsio-Fagion sylvaticae Soó 1962; Deschampsio-Fagion sylvaticae Soó 1964; Deschampsio-Fagion sylvaticae Soó 1971; Dicrano-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Eu-Luzulo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Fagion moesiacum P. Fukarek 1969; Eu-Myrtillo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968 (orig. form); Maianthemo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Melampyro-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Molinio-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge 1968; Eu-Luzulo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Melampyro-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Myrtillo-Fagion sylvaticae Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968 (orig. form)	Schaminee et al, 2012

Species mentioned in habitat description

Flowering Plants Fagus orientalis

Flowering Plants Fagus sylvatica

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Fagus orientalis		Flowering Plants
Fagus sylvatica		Flowering Plants

Other classifications

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 200112	41.1	Beech forests	same
CORINE Land Cover	3.1.1.	Broad-leaved forest	n/a
BEAR Forest Types for Biodiversity Assessment	12	Lowland and submontane beech forests	narrower
BEAR Forest Types for Biodiversity Assessment	13	Montane beech and mixed beech-fir-spruce forest	narrower
Phase 1 habitat classification (UK) 1993	A111	Woodland: broadleaved, semi-natural	overlap
Milieux Naturels de Suisse 1998	6.2	Hêtraies	same
Biotopes of Slovakia 1996	2113000	Bukové a zmiešané bukové lesy	n/a

For relation to plant communities (syntaxa), see Vegetation types

History

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410	G1.6	Fagus woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308	G1.6	Fagus woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202	G1.6	Fagus woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910	G1.6	Fagus woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811	G1.6	Fagus woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199712	G1.7	Beech woodland	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 199905	41.1	Beech forests	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1997	41.1	Beech forests	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1996	41.1		same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1993	41.1		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1991	41.1		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1989	41.1		same

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