Kittiwake - Rissa tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758
Quick facts
| Threat status Europe | Vulnerable (IUCN) |
|---|---|
| EU Population status |
|
| Protected by | EU Birds Directive and 4 other international agreements |
| Natura 2000 sites | 140 are designated for this species |
| Breeding habitats |
|
| Wintering habitats |
|
| Natura 2000 species code | A188 |
Distribution
The distribution map is currently disabled. A new map solution will soon become available. In the meantime, please consult other species distribution map providers listed in the Other resources panel below.
Threat and EU population status
IUCN Red List status of threatened species
The IUCN Red List threat status assesses the risk of extinction.
World
Least Concern
Europe
Vulnerable
EU
Not evaluated
EU population status
The status of the population at the EU level was evaluated at the species level; this was based on the reports delivered by Member States under Article 12 of the Birds Directive (see fact sheet below). The EU status assessment can cover several subspecies/subspecific population units. For more information, please consult the species fact sheet and link below.
Natura 2000 sites
Protected in the following Natura 2000 sites
Protected sites
Please note the site map takes a while to display.Legal status
Mentioned in the following international legal instruments and agreements
Common names and synonyms
Common Name
 |
Language
|
Reference
|
|---|---|---|
| Csüllõ | Hungarian | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Dreizehenmöwe | German | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Drieteenmeeuw | Dutch | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Gabbiano tridattilo | Italian | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Gaivota-tridáctila | Portuguese | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Gaviota Tridáctila | Spanish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Kittiwake | English | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Mewa trójpalczasta | Polish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Mouette tridactyle | French | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Pikkukajava | Finnish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Tretåig mås | Swedish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
No synonyms available.
Other resources
| EBCC Atlas of breeding birds | European Bird Census Council's Atlas of Breeding Birds |
| EURing code:06020 | European bird-ringing |
| EoL | Encyclopedia of Life |
| Fauna Europaea search | Fauna Europaea |
| GBIF search | Global Biodiversity Information Facility |
| ITIS (Valid name) | Interagency Taxonomic Information System |
| NCBI search | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| Wikipedia | Wikipedia |
External data
Population distribution from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2
These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.
1
| Country | Biogeographic region | Min / Max (Units) | Period | Status | Quality | Source | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czech Republic | 0/10 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Denmark | 430/500 (pairs) | 1999-2000 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Denmark | Present/Present (individuals) | 1999-2000 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Denmark - Greenland | 150000/300000 (pairs) | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Denmark - Greenland | 0/5000 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| France | 5000/5600 (pairs) | 1996-2000 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| France | 10000/40000 (individuals) | 1998-2002 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Germany | 18800/18800 (individuals) | 1987-2003 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Germany | 7303/7303 (pairs) | 1995-1999 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Greece | 5/10 (individuals) | 1995-2000 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Iceland | 10000/1000 (individuals) | 1978-1994 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Iceland | 631000/631000 (pairs) | 1983-1985 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Ireland | 33174/33174 (pairs) | 1999-2002 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Lithuania | 0/5 (individuals) | 1992-2002 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Moldova, Republic of | 0/12 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Netherlands | 9000/9000 (individuals) | 1985-1993 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Netherlands | 0/3 (pairs) | 1998-2000 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Norway | 300000/600000 (pairs) | 1990-2001 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Poland | 10/160 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Portugal | Present/Present (individuals) | 2002 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Russian Federation | 100000/500000 (pairs) | 1990-2002 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Slovakia | 0/30 (individuals) | 1990-1999 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Slovenia | Present/Present (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Spain | 50/50 (pairs) | 1998-2002 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Sweden | 100000/120000 (individuals) | 1998-2001 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Sweden | 25/30 (pairs) | 1999-2000 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| Turkey | 30/60 (individuals) | 1991-2001 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| United Kingdom | 380000/380000 (pairs) | 1998-2002 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 | |
| United Kingdom - Gibraltar | 1/3 (individuals) | 2000-2003 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2003-12-31 |
Population trends from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2
These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.
1
| Country | Biogeographic region | Period | Status | Trend | Quality | Source | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czech Republic | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Denmark | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Decreasing between 20% to 29% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Denmark | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Denmark - Greenland | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Decreasing between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Denmark - Greenland | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| France | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 9% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| France | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Germany | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing between 30% to 49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Germany | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Greece | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating : 80 % | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Iceland | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Iceland | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Ireland | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable : 3 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Lithuania | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Moldova, Republic of | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing between 50% to 79% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Netherlands | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Netherlands | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Norway | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Decreasing between 20% to 29% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Poland | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating : 80 % | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Portugal | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Russian Federation | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Slovakia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Slovenia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Spain | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Decreasing : 80 % | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Sweden | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Sweden | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Turkey | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| United Kingdom | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Decreasing : 25 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| United Kingdom - Gibraltar | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 |
Reportnet deliveries
Files delivered through Reportnet with relevance to this species.
1
Summary of derogations for species
EU member states are required to report derogations from protection efforts of species.
1
| Region | From | Until | Justification | Activity | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria | 2012-03-15 | 2013-12-31 | The permit allows 10 individuals from each bird species to be caught and ringed. | Capture (ringing) | No impact |
| Bulgaria | 2012-03-15 | 2013-12-31 | The permit allows 10 individuals from each bird species to be caught and ringed. | Capture (ringing) | No impact |
| Northern Ireland (UK) | 2010-05-06 | 2010-08-31 | limited by site location | Capture (ringing) | nil; ringing/marking only |
| Northern Ireland (UK) | 2010-05-06 | 2010-08-31 | limited by site location | Marketing | nil; ringing/marking only |
| United Kingdom | 2010-04-29 | 2010-09-30 | 140 Manx Shearwater (puffinus puffinus) licenced actually taken 123 20 Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica) licenced actually taken 20 20 Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) licenced actually taken 8 20 Razorbills(Alca torda) licenced actually taken 7 20 Guillimots (Uria aalge) licenced actually taken 18 20 Fulmars(Fulmarus glacialis) licenced actually taken 0 | Capture (ringing) | Negligible Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) 299,712 Guillemots (Uria Aalge) 1,420,900 Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica) 580,799 Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) 379,892 Razorbill (Alca tprda) 188,576 Fulmar ( Fulmarus glacialis) 504,756 |
| United Kingdom | 2010-04-29 | 2010-09-30 | 140 Manx Shearwater (puffinus puffinus) licenced actually taken 123 20 Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica) licenced actually taken 20 20 Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) licenced actually taken 8 20 Razorbills(Alca torda) licenced actually taken 7 20 Guillimots (Uria aalge) licenced actually taken 18 20 Fulmars(Fulmarus glacialis) licenced actually taken 0 | Deliberate disturbance during the period of rearing | Negligible Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) 299,712 Guillemots (Uria Aalge) 1,420,900 Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica) 580,799 Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) 379,892 Razorbill (Alca tprda) 188,576 Fulmar ( Fulmarus glacialis) 504,756 |
| United Kingdom | 2010-04-29 | 2010-09-30 | 140 Manx Shearwater (puffinus puffinus) licenced actually taken 123 20 Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica) licenced actually taken 20 20 Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) licenced actually taken 8 20 Razorbills(Alca torda) licenced actually taken 7 20 Guillimots (Uria aalge) licenced actually taken 18 20 Fulmars(Fulmarus glacialis) licenced actually taken 0 | photograph | Negligible Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) 299,712 Guillemots (Uria Aalge) 1,420,900 Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica) 580,799 Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) 379,892 Razorbill (Alca tprda) 188,576 Fulmar ( Fulmarus glacialis) 504,756 |
