Kingdom: Animalia > Phylum: Chordata > Class: Aves > Order: Falconiformes > Family: Accipitridae > Genus: Aquila > Species: Aquila clanga

Spotted Eagle - Aquila clanga Pallas, 1811

Images from the web

Quick facts

Threat status Europe	Endangered (IUCN)
EU Population status	Threatened
Protected by	EU Birds Directive and 7 other international agreements
Natura 2000 sites	153 are designated for this species
Breeding habitats	wetlands woodland and forest
Natura 2000 species code	A090

Distribution

The distribution map is currently disabled. A new map solution will soon become available. In the meantime, please consult other species distribution map providers listed in the Other resources panel below.

Threat and EU population status

IUCN Red List status of threatened species

The IUCN Red List threat status assesses the risk of extinction.

World

Vulnerable

Europe

Endangered

Critically Endangered

EU population status

The status of the population at the EU level was evaluated at the species level; this was based on the reports delivered by Member States under Article 12 of the Birds Directive (see fact sheet below). The EU status assessment can cover several subspecies/subspecific population units. For more information, please consult the species fact sheet and link below.

IUCN Red List Category

Not Evaluated	Near Threatened	Regionally Extinct
Not Applicable	Vulnerable	Extinct in the Wild
Data Deficient	Endangered	Extinct
Least Concern	Critically Endangered

Sources:

Population status categories for bird species under the Birds Directive

Secure

Near Threatened, declining or depleted

Threatened (i.e. vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, regionally extinct)

Unknown or not evaluated

Natura 2000 sites

Protected in the following Natura 2000 sites

Sitecode	Country	Site name	Action
EE0080373	Estonia	Emajõe suudmeala ja Piirissaare	Map
ES0000024	Spain	Doñana	Map
FR3110038	France	Estuaire de la Canche	Map
FR4112002	France	Etangs du Lindre, forêt de Romersberg et zones voisines	Map
FR5210103	France	Estuaire de la Loire	Map
FR7210077	France	Barthes de l'Adour	Map
FR9110108	France	Basse plaine de l'Aude	Map
FR9310019	France	Camargue	Map
FR9312001	France	Marais entre Crau et Grand Rhône	Map
GR1110002	Greece	DASOS DADIAS - SOUFLI	Map
GR1110006	Greece	DELTA EVROU	Map
GR1110008	Greece	PARAPOTAMIO DASOS VOREIOU EVROU KAI ARDA	Map
GR1110009	Greece	NOTIO DASIKO SYMPLEGMA EVROU	Map
GR1120004	Greece	STENA NESTOU	Map
GR1130010	Greece	LIMNES VISTONIS, ISMARIS - LIMNOTHALASSES PORTO LAGOS, ALYKI PTELEA, XIROLIMNI, KARATZA	Map
GR1150001	Greece	DELTA NESTOU KAI LIMNOTHALASSES KERAMOTIS KAI NISOS THASOPOULA	Map
GR1220010	Greece	DELTA AXIOU - LOUDIA - ALIAKMONA - ALYKI KITROUS	Map
GR1260008	Greece	TECHNITI LIMNI KERKINIS - OROS KROUSIA	Map
GR1260010	Greece	OROS BELES	Map
GR1420006	Greece	OROS MAVROVOUNI	Map
GR2110004	Greece	AMVRAKIKOS KOLPOS, LIMNOTHALASSA KATAFOURKO KAI KORAKONISIA	Map
GR2120005	Greece	YGROTOPOS EKVOLON KALAMA KAI NISOS PRASOUDI	Map
GR2230007	Greece	LIMNOTHALASSA KORISSION (KERKYRA) KAI NISOS LAGOUDIA	Map
GR2310015	Greece	DELTA ACHELOOU, LIMNOTHALASSA MESOLONGIOU - AITOLIKOU KAI EKVOLES EVINOU, NISOI ECHINADES, NISOS PETALAS, DYTIKOS ARAKYNTHOS KAI STENA KLEISOURAS	Map
GR2320001	Greece	LIMNOTHALASSA KALOGRIAS, DASOS STROFYLIAS KAI ELOS LAMIAS, ARAXOS	Map
GR2440005	Greece	KATO ROUS KAI EKVOLES SPERCHEIOU POTAMOU	Map
GR2540006	Greece	YGROTOPOI EKVOLON EVROTA	Map
GR2550008	Greece	LIMNOTHALASSA GIALOVAS KAI NISOS SFAKTIRIA	Map
GR4110007	Greece	LESVOS: PARAKTIOI YGROTOPOI KOLPOU KALLONIS	Map
GR4340020	Greece	LIMNI AGIAS (CHANIA)	Map
GR4340022	Greece	LIMNI KOURNA KAI EKVOLI ALMYROU	Map
IT1110019	Italy	Baraccone (confluenza Po - Dora Baltea)	Map
IT1120010	Italy	Lame del Sesia e Isolone di Oldenico	Map
IT1180002	Italy	Torrente Orba	Map
IT1180004	Italy	Greto dello Scrivia	Map
IT1180027	Italy	Confluenza Po - Sesia - Tanaro	Map
IT1314677	Italy	Saccarello - Garlenda	Map
IT2080301	Italy	Boschi del Ticino	Map
IT20A0004	Italy	Le Bine	Map
IT20B0005	Italy	Torbiere di Marcaria	Map
IT20B0008	Italy	Paludi di Ostiglia	Map
IT20B0010	Italy	Vallazza	Map
IT3250033	Italy	Laguna di Caorle - Foce del Tagliamento	Map
IT3250040	Italy	Foce del Tagliamento	Map
IT3250041	Italy	Valle Vecchia - Zumelle - Valli di Bibione	Map
IT3250042	Italy	Valli Zignago - Perera - Franchetti - Nova	Map
IT3320015	Italy	Valle del Medio Tagliamento	Map
IT3320037	Italy	Laguna di Marano e Grado	Map
IT3330005	Italy	Foce dell'Isonzo - Isola della Cona	Map
IT3330006	Italy	Valle Cavanata e Banco Mula di Muggia	Map
IT4020017	Italy	Aree delle risorgive di Viarolo, Bacini di Torrile, Fascia golenale del Po	Map
IT4020018	Italy	Prati e Ripristini ambientali di Frescarolo e Samboseto	Map
IT4040014	Italy	Valli Mirandolesi	Map
IT4050022	Italy	Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Medicina e Molinella	Map
IT4050023	Italy	Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Budrio e Minerbio	Map
IT4050024	Italy	Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Bentivoglio, S. Pietro in Casale, Malalbergo e Baricella	Map
IT4060001	Italy	Valli di Argenta	Map
IT4060002	Italy	Valli di Comacchio	Map
IT4060008	Italy	Valle del Mezzano	Map
IT4060015	Italy	Bosco della Mesola, Bosco Panfilia, Bosco di Santa Giustina, Valle Falce, La Goara	Map
IT4070001	Italy	Punte Alberete, Valle Mandriole	Map
IT4070002	Italy	Bardello	Map
IT4070009	Italy	Ortazzo, Ortazzino, Foce del Torrente Bevano	Map
IT4070021	Italy	Biotopi di Alfonsine e Fiume Reno	Map
IT5170002	Italy	Selva Pisana	Map
IT51A0013	Italy	Padule della Trappola, Bocca d'Ombrone	Map
IT51A0014	Italy	Pineta Granducale dell'Uccellina	Map
IT51A0033	Italy	Lago di Burano	Map
IT5320007	Italy	Monte Conero	Map
IT6040015	Italy	Parco Nazionale del Circeo	Map
ITA030011	Italy	Dorsale Curcuraci, Antennamare	Map
ITA050001	Italy	Biviere e Macconi di Gela	Map
LV0302900	Latvia	Dvietes paliene	Map
LV0303500	Latvia	Pape	Map
LV0502200	Latvia	Orlovas (Erglu) purvs	Map
PLB200002	Poland	Puszcza Augustowska	Map
SE0430089	Sweden	Norra Fyledalen	Map
IT2080023	Italy	Garzaia di Cascina Villarasca	Map
GR2110001	Greece	AMVRAKIKOS KOLPOS, DELTA LOUROU KAI ARACHTHOU (PETRA, MYTIKAS, EVRYTERI PERIOCHI)	Map
PLH200005	Poland	Ostoja Augustowska	Map
BG0000270	Bulgaria	Atanasovsko ezero	Map
BG0002085	Bulgaria	Chairya	Map
GR1150010	Greece	DELTA NESTOU KAI LIMNOTHALASSES KERAMOTIS - EVRYTERI PERIOCHI KAI PARAKTIA ZONI	Map
IT9350300	Italy	Costa Viola	Map
ITA050012	Italy	Torre Manfria, Biviere e Piana di Gela	Map
IT1180028	Italy	Fiume Po - tratto vercellese alessandrino	Map
IT3250046	Italy	Laguna di Venezia	Map
GR1130009	Greece	LIMNES KAI LIMNOTHALASSES TIS THRAKIS - EVRYTERI PERIOCHI KAI PARAKTIA ZONI	Map
GR4110004	Greece	LESVOS: KOLPOS KALLONIS KAI CHERSAIA PARAKTIA ZONI	Map
BG0002041	Bulgaria	Kompleks Ropotamo	Map
IT20B0401	Italy	Parco Regionale Oglio Sud	Map
BG0002022	Bulgaria	Yazovir Rozov kladenets	Map
BG0002017	Bulgaria	Kompleks Belenski ostrovi	Map
BG0000496	Bulgaria	Rilski manastir	Map
IT1160060	Italy	Altopiano di Bainale	Map
BG0002003	Bulgaria	Kresna	Map
BG0002062	Bulgaria	Ludogorie	Map
GR2440002	Greece	KOILADA KAI EKVOLES SPERCHEIOU - MALIAKOS KOLPOS	Map
PLH200008	Poland	Dolina Biebrzy	Map
GR1220002	Greece	DELTA AXIOU - LOUDIA - ALIAKMONA - EVRYTERI PERIOCHI - AXIOUPOLI	Map
BG0002029	Bulgaria	Kotlenska planina	Map
ITA030042	Italy	Monti Peloritani, Dorsale Curcuraci, Antennamare e area marina dello stretto di Messina	Map
BG0002048	Bulgaria	Suha reka	Map
GR2310001	Greece	DELTA ACHELOOU, LIMNOTHALASSA MESOLONGIOU - AITOLIKOU, EKVOLES EVINOU, NISOI ECHINADES, NISOS PETALAS	Map
IT1331402	Italy	Beigua - Monte Dente - Gargassa - Pavaglione	Map
BG0002024	Bulgaria	Ribarnitsi Mechka	Map
BG0002058	Bulgaria	Sinite kamani - Grebenets	Map
IT2080501	Italy	Risaie della Lomellina	Map
PLB200006	Poland	Ostoja Biebrzańska	Map
BG0000273	Bulgaria	Burgasko ezero	Map
IT20B0016	Italy	Ostiglia	Map
BG0002001	Bulgaria	Rayanovtsi	Map
PLH200004	Poland	Ostoja Wigierska	Map
PLB140008	Poland	Doliny Wkry i Mławki	Map
IT9310052	Italy	Casoni di Sibari	Map
BG0000113	Bulgaria	Vitosha	Map
GR1110007	Greece	DELTA EVROU KAI DYTIKOS VRACHIONAS	Map
GR1260001	Greece	LIMNI KERKINI - KROUSIA - KORYFES OROUS BELES, ANGISTRO - CHAROPO	Map
GR1250004	Greece	ALYKI KITROUS - EVRYTERI PERIOCHI	Map
BG0000152	Bulgaria	Pomoriysko ezero	Map
ROSPA0028	Romania	Dealurile Târnavelor - Valea Nirajului	Map
ROSPA0009	Romania	Beştepe - Mahmudia	Map
ROSPA0032	Romania	Deniz Tepe	Map
ROSPA0091	Romania	Pădurea Babadag	Map
ROSPA0058	Romania	Lacul Stânca Costeşti	Map
ROSPA0073	Romania	Măcin - Niculiţel	Map
ROSPA0097	Romania	Pescăria Cefa - Pădurea Rădvani	Map
ROSPA0031	Romania	Delta Dunării şi Complexul Razim - Sinoie	Map
ROSPA0077	Romania	Măxineni	Map
ROSPA0027	Romania	Dealurile Homoroadelor	Map
ROSPA0008	Romania	Băneasa - Canaraua Fetei	Map
BG0002050	Bulgaria	Durankulashko ezero	Map
BG0002076	Bulgaria	Mesta	Map
BG0002043	Bulgaria	Emine	Map
BG0000156	Bulgaria	Shablenski ezeren kompleks	Map
BG0002044	Bulgaria	Kamchiyska planina	Map
BG0002061	Bulgaria	Balchik	Map
BG0002038	Bulgaria	Provadiysko-Royaksko plato	Map
BG0000271	Bulgaria	Mandra - Poda	Map
BG0002021	Bulgaria	Sakar	Map
LV0536600	Latvia	Lubana mitrajs	Map
GR1110010	Greece	OREINOS EVROS - KOILADA DEREIOU	Map
GR4110010	Greece	NOTIODYTIKI CHERSONISOS, APOLITHOMENO DASOS LESVOU	Map
GR2540008	Greece	NOTIA MANI	Map
GR1430007	Greece	PERIOCHI TAMIEFTIRON PROIN LIMNIS KARLAS	Map
GR3000016	Greece	YGROTOPOS SCHINIA	Map
GR1340008	Greece	LIMNES ChEIMADITIDA KAI ZAZARI	Map
AT1204V00	Austria	Donau-Auen östlich von Wien	Map
AT1202V00	Austria	March-Thaya-Auen	Map
ROSPA0143	Romania	Tisa Superioară	Map
IT51A0039	Italy	Padule della Trappola, Bocca d'Ombrone	Map
HR1000016	Croatia	Podunavlje i donje Podravlje	Map
HR1000004	Croatia	Donja Posavina	Map

Protected sites

Please note the site map takes a while to display.

Legal status

Mentioned in the following international legal instruments and agreements

Legal text	Annex	More information
Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 30 November 2009, on the conservation of wild birds (EU Birds Directive)	Annex I: Species that shall be the subject of special conservation measures concerning their habitat in order to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution. Member States shall classify territories as special protection areas for the conservation of these species.	http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats (Bern Convention)	Annex II: strictly protected fauna species (All species of Falconiformes)	http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cul.../bern/default_en.asp
	Revised Annex I of Resolution 6 (1998) of the Bern Convention listing the species requiring specific habitat conservation measures (year of revision 2011)	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 6 (1998) of the Bern Convention lists the species requiring specific habitat conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming for the Emerald network]
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. (Bonn Convention)	Annex I: migratory species which are endangered and must be protected by Parties (Clanga clanga)	http://www.cms.int/
	Annex II: migratory species which have an unfavourable conservation status and which require international agreements for their conservation and management, as well as those which have a conservation status which would significantly benefit from the international co-operation that could be achieved by an international agreement. (Clanga clanga)
Memorandum of understanding on the conservation of migratory birds of prey in Africa and Eurasia - under Bonn Convention (MoU Raptors)	Annex I: migratory populations of Falconiformes and Strigiformes species occurring in Africa and Eurasia to which this MoU applies	http://www.cms.int/raptors/
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)	Annex II: (a) all species which, although not necessarily now threatened with extinction, may become so unless trade in specimens of such species is subject to strict regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival; and (b) other species which must be subject to regulation in order that trade in specimens of certain species referred to in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph may be brought under effective control. (Falconiformes spp.)	http://www.cites.org/eng
Commission regulation (EU) No 1320/2014, of 1 December 2014, amending Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein (EU regulation of trade of fauna and flora)	Annex A includes: All CITES Appendix I species, except where EU Member States have entered a reservation; Some CITES Appendix II and III species, for which the EU has adopted stricter domestic measures; Some non-CITES species	http://ec.europa.eu/environm...s/legislation_en.htm

Common names and synonyms

Common Name	Language	Reference
Aguia-gritadeira	Portuguese	EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Aguila Moteada	Spanish	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Aigle criard	French	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Aquila anatraia maggiore	Italian	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Bastaardarend	Dutch	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Fekete sas	Hungarian	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Kiljukotka	Finnish	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Orel volavý	Czech	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Orlik grubodzioby	Polish	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Schelladler	German	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Spotted Eagle	English	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Stor skrigeørn	Danish	EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Större skrikörn	Swedish	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Videjais erglis	Latvian	Latvian NRC

Synonym	Author
Clanga clanga	(Pallas, 1811)

Other resources

Bird action plan
CoL (accepted name)	Catalogue of Life
EBCC Atlas of breeding birds	European Bird Census Council's Atlas of Breeding Birds
EURing code:02930	European bird-ringing
EoL	Encyclopedia of Life
Fauna Europaea	Fauna Europaea
GBIF	Global Biodiversity Information Facility
ITIS (Valid name)	Interagency Taxonomic Information System
NCBI search	National Center for Biotechnology Information
PESI (Accepted)	Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure
Species+	Species+ by UNEP-WCMC
Wikipedia	Wikipedia

External data

Population distribution from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2

These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.

32 items found, displaying all items.1

Country	Biogeographic region	Min / Max (Units)	Period	Status	Quality	Source	Published
Albania		0/6 (individuals)	1995-2002	Wintering	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Azerbaijan		10/100 (individuals)	1996-2002	Wintering	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Belarus		150/200 (pairs)	1997-2002	Breeding	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Belarus		10/15 (pairs)	1990	Breeding	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990)	1993-12-31
Bulgaria		5/15 (individuals)	1998-2002	Wintering	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Croatia		1/10 (individuals)	2002	Wintering	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Estonia		15/30 (pairs)	1998	Breeding	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Finland		0/1 (pairs)	1998-2002	Breeding	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Finland		0/2 (pairs)	1992	Breeding	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990)	1993-12-31
France		1/5 (individuals)	1998-2002	Wintering	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Greece		45/85 (individuals)	1997	Wintering	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Hungary		2/6 (individuals)	2001-2002	Wintering	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Italy		0/7 (individuals)	2002	Wintering	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Latvia		0/5 (pairs)	1990-2000	Breeding	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Latvia	Boreal	1/5 (pairs)	-	Breeding	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990)	1993-12-31
Macedonia (FYR)		1/5 (individuals)	1999-2000	Wintering	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Moldova, Republic of		0/0 (pairs)	1996-2000	Breeding	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Moldova, Republic of		3/5 (pairs)	1990	Breeding	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990)	1993-12-31
Poland		15/15 (pairs)	1998	Breeding	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Poland		5/10 (pairs)	-	Breeding	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990)	1993-12-31
Romania		6/40 (individuals)	1990-2000	Wintering	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Romania		0/2 (pairs)	1999-2002	Breeding	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Romania		5/10 (pairs)	-	Breeding	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990)	1993-12-31
Russian Federation		600/800 (pairs)	1996-2000	Breeding	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Russian Federation		800/1000 (pairs)	-	Breeding	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990)	1993-12-31
Serbia and Montenegro		2/5 (individuals)	1990-2002	Wintering	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Slovenia		0/2 (individuals)	1995-2000	Wintering	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Switzerland		1/1 (individuals)	1998-2002	Wintering	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Turkey		15/30 (individuals)	1991-2001	Wintering	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Ukraine		30/45 (pairs)	1990-2000	Breeding	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Ukraine		0/49 (individuals)	1990-2000	Wintering	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2003-12-31
Ukraine		40/50 (pairs)	1988	Breeding	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990)	1993-12-31

Source: BirdLife International

Population trends from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2