The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland, Version 04.05

Reference information

Title	The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland, Version 04.05
Alternative title
Source	Connor, D.W., Allen, J.H., Golding, N., Howell, K.L., Lieberknecht, L.M., Northen, K.O. & Reker, J.B. [edited ETC/BD]
Editor
Journal Title
Book Title
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URL	http://www.jncc.gov.uk/MarineHabitatClassification
Created	2004-01-01
Publisher	JNCC, Peterborough
Language	English

Habitats related to this reference

A1	Littoral rock and other hard substrata
A1.1	High energy littoral rock
A1.11	Mussel and/or barnacle communities
A1.111	Mytilus edulis and barnacles on very exposed eulittoral rock
A1.112	Chthamalus spp. on exposed upper eulittoral rock
A1.1121	Chthamalus montagui and Chthamalus stellatus on exposed upper eulittoral rock
A1.1122	Chthamalus spp. and Lichina pygmaea on steep exposed upper eulittoral rock
A1.113	Semibalanus balanoides on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock
A1.1131	Semibalanus balanoides, Patella vulgata and Littorina spp. on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock
A1.1132	Semibalanus balanoides, Fucus vesiculosus and red seaweeds on exposed to moderately exposed eulittoral rock
A1.1133	Semibalanus balanoides and Littorina spp. on exposed to moderately exposed eulittoral boulders and cobbles
A1.12	Robust fucoid and/or red seaweed communities
A1.121	Fucus distichus and Fucus spiralis f. nana on extremely exposed upper eulittoral rock
A1.122	Corallina officinalis on exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
A1.1221	Corallina officinalis and Mastocarpus stellatus on exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
A1.1222	Corallina officinalis, Himanthalia elongata and Patella ulyssiponensis on very exposed lower eulittoral rock
A1.123	Himanthalia elongata and red seaweeds on exposed lower eulittoral rock
A1.124	Palmaria palmata on very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
A1.125	Mastocarpus stellatus and Chondrus crispus on very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
A1.126	Osmundea pinnatifida on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
A1.127	Ceramium sp. and piddocks on eulittoral fossilised peat
A1.15	Fucoids in tide-swept conditions
A1.151	Ascophyllum nodosum, sponges and ascidians on tide-swept mid eulittoral rock
A1.152	Fucus serratus, sponges and ascidians on tide-swept lower eulittoral rock
A1.153	Fucus serratus with sponges, ascidians and red seaweeds on tide-swept lower eulittoral mixed substrata
A1.2	Moderate energy littoral rock
A1.21	Barnacles and fucoids on moderately exposed shores
A1.211	Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral fringe rock
A1.212	Fucus spiralis on full salinity exposed to moderately exposed upper eulittoral rock
A1.213	Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
A1.214	Fucus serratus on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
A1.2141	Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
A1.2142	Fucus serratus and under-boulder fauna on exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral boulders
A1.2143	Fucus serratus and piddocks on lower eulittoral soft rock
A1.215	Rhodothamniella floridula on sand-scoured lower eulittoral rock
A1.22	Mussels and fucoids on moderately exposed shores
A1.221	Mytilus edulis and Fucus vesiculosus on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
A1.222	Mytilus edulis, Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
A1.223	Mytilus edulis and piddocks on eulittoral firm clay
A1.3	Low energy littoral rock
A1.31	Fucoids on sheltered marine shores
A1.311	Pelvetia canaliculata on sheltered littoral fringe rock
A1.312	Fucus spiralis on sheltered upper eulittoral rock
A1.3121	Fucus spiralis on full salinity sheltered upper eulittoral rock
A1.3122	Fucus spiralis on full salinity upper eulittoral mixed substrata
A1.313	Fucus vesiculosus on moderately exposed to sheltered mid eulittoral rock
A1.3131	Fucus vesiculosus on full salinity moderately exposed to sheltered mid eulittoral rock
A1.3132	Fucus vesiculosus on mid eulittoral mixed substrata
A1.314	Ascophyllum nodosum on very sheltered mid eulittoral rock
A1.3141	Ascophyllum nodosum on full salinity mid eulittoral rock
A1.3142	Ascophyllum nodosum on full salinity mid eulittoral mixed substrata
A1.315	Fucus serratus on sheltered lower eulittoral rock
A1.3151	Fucus serratus on full salinity sheltered lower eulittoral rock
A1.3152	Fucus serratus on full salinity lower eulittoral mixed substrata
A1.32	Fucoids in variable salinity
A1.321	Pelvetia canaliculata on sheltered variable salinity littoral fringe rock
A1.322	Fucus spiralis on sheltered variable salinity upper eulittoral rock
A1.323	Fucus vesiculosus on variable salinity mid eulittoral boulders and stable mixed substrata
A1.324	Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus on variable salinity mid eulittoral rock
A1.325	Ascophyllum nodosum ecad. mackaii beds on extremely sheltered mid eulittoral mixed substrata
A1.326	Fucus serratus and large Mytilus edulis on variable salinity lower eulittoral rock
A1.327	Fucus ceranoides on reduced salinity eulittoral rock
A1.4	Features of littoral rock
A1.41	Communities of littoral rockpools
A1.411	Coralline crust-dominated shallow eulittoral rockpools
A1.4111	Coralline crusts and Corallina officinalis in shallow eulittoral rockpools
A1.4112	Coralline crusts and Paracentrotus lividus in shallow eulittoral rockpools
A1.4113	Bifurcaria bifurcata in shallow eulittoral rockpools
A1.4114	Cystoseira spp. in eulittoral rockpools
A1.412	Fucoids and kelp in deep eulittoral rockpools
A1.4121	Sargassum muticum in eulittoral rockpools
A1.413	Seaweeds in sediment-floored eulittoral rockpools
A1.414	Hydroids, ephemeral seaweeds and Littorina littorea in shallow eulittoral mixed substrata pools
A1.42	Communities of rockpools in the supralittoral zone
A1.421	Green seaweeds (Enteromorpha spp. and Cladophora spp.) in shallow upper shore rockpools
A1.44	Communities of littoral caves and overhangs
A1.441	Chrysophyceae and Haptophyceae on vertical upper littoral fringe soft rock
A1.442	Green algal films on upper and mid-shore cave walls and ceilings
A1.443	Audouinella purpurea and Pilinia maritima crusts on upper and mid-shore cave walls and ceilings
A1.444	Audouinella purpurea and Cladophora rupestris on upper to mid-shore cave walls
A1.445	Verrucaria mucosa and/or Hildenbrandia rubra on upper to mid shore cave walls
A1.446	Sponges and shade-tolerant red seaweeds on overhanging lower eulittoral bedrock and in cave entrances
A1.4461	Sponges, shade-tolerant red seaweeds and Dendrodoa grossularia on wave-surged overhanging lower eulittoral bedrock and caves
A1.447	Sponges, bryozoans and ascidians on deeply overhanging lower shore bedrock or caves
A1.448	Faunal crusts on wave-surged littoral cave walls
A1.449	Sparse fauna (barnacles and spirorbids) on sand/pebble-scoured rock in littoral caves
A1.44A	Barren and/or boulder-scoured littoral cave walls and floors
A1.45	Ephemeral green or red seaweeds (freshwater or sand-influenced) on non-mobile substrata
A1.451	Enteromorpha spp. on freshwater-influenced and/or unstable upper eulittoral rock
A1.452	Porphyra purpurea or Enteromorpha spp. on sand-scoured mid or lower eulittoral rock
A2	Littoral sediment
A2.1	Littoral coarse sediment
A2.111	Barren littoral shingle
A2.112	Pectenogammarus planicrurus in mid shore well-sorted gravel or coarse sand
A2.2	Littoral sand and muddy sand
A2.21	Strandline
A2.211	Talitrids on the upper shore and strandline
A2.212	Mytilus edulis and Fabricia sabella in littoral mixed sediment
A2.22	Barren or amphipod-dominated mobile sand shores
A2.221	Barren littoral coarse sand
A2.222	Oligochaetes in littoral mobile sand
A2.2221	Oligochaetes in full salinity littoral mobile sand
A2.2222	Oligochaetes in variable salinity littoral mobile sand
A2.223	Amphipods and Scolelepis spp. in littoral medium-fine sand
A2.2231	Scolelepis spp. in littoral mobile sand
A2.2232	Eurydice pulchra in littoral mobile sand
A2.2233	Pontocrates arenarius in littoral mobile sand
A2.23	Polychaete/amphipod-dominated fine sand shores
A2.231	Polychaetes in littoral fine sand
A2.2311	Polychaetes, including Paraonis fulgens, in littoral fine sand
A2.2312	Polychaetes and Angulus tenuis in littoral fine sand
A2.2313	Nephtys cirrosa-dominated littoral fine sand
A2.24	Polychaete/bivalve-dominated muddy sand shores
A2.241	Macoma balthica and Arenicola marina in muddy sand shores
A2.242	Cerastoderma edule and polychaetes in littoral muddy sand
A2.243	Hediste diversicolor, Macoma balthica and Eteone longa in littoral muddy sand
A2.244	Bathyporeia pilosa and Corophium arenarium in littoral muddy sand
A2.245	Lanice conchilega in littoral sand
A2.3	Littoral mud
A2.31	Polychaete/bivalve-dominated mid estuarine mud shores
A2.311	Nephtys hombergii, Macoma balthica and Streblospio shrubsolii in littoral sandy mud
A2.312	Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica in littoral sandy mud
A2.313	Hediste diversicolor, Macoma balthica and Scrobicularia plana in littoral sandy mud
A2.32	Polychaete/oligochaete-dominated upper estuarine mud shores
A2.321	Nephtys hombergii and Streblospio shrubsolii in littoral mud
A2.322	Hediste diversicolor in littoral mud
A2.3221	Hediste diversicolor and Streblospio shrubsolii in littoral sandy mud
A2.3222	Hediste diversicolor and Corophium volutator in littoral mud
A2.3223	Hediste diversicolor and oligochaetes in littoral mud
A2.323	Tubificoides benedii and other oligochaetes in littoral mud
A2.4	Littoral mixed sediments
A2.41	Hediste diversicolor dominated gravelly sandy mud shores
A2.411	Hediste diversicolor in littoral gravelly muddy sand and gravelly sandy mud
A2.4111	Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica in littoral gravelly mud
A2.4112	Hediste diversicolor and Scrobicularia plana in littoral gravelly mud
A2.4113	Hediste diversicolor and Streblospio shrubsolii in littoral gravelly sandy mud
A2.4114	Hediste diversicolor, cirratulids and Tubificoides spp. in littoral gravelly sandy mud
A2.4115	Hediste diversicolor and Corophium volutator in littoral gravelly sandy mud
A2.42	Species-rich mixed sediment shores
A2.421	Cirratulids and Cerastoderma edule in littoral mixed sediment
A2.43	Species-poor mixed sediment shores
A2.431	Barnacles and Littorina spp. on unstable eulittoral mixed substrata
A2.6111	Zostera noltii beds in littoral muddy sand
A2.7	Littoral biogenic reefs
A2.71	Littoral Sabellaria reefs
A2.711	Sabellaria alveolata reefs on sand-abraded eulittoral rock
A2.72	Littoral mussel beds on sediment
A2.721	Mytilus edulis beds on littoral sediments
A2.7211	Mytilus edulis beds on littoral mixed substrata
A2.7212	Mytilus edulis beds on littoral sand
A2.7213	Mytilus edulis beds on littoral mud
A2.8	Features of littoral sediment
A2.82	Ephemeral green or red seaweeds (freshwater or sand-influenced) on mobile substrata
A2.821	Ephemeral green and red seaweeds on variable salinity and/or disturbed eulittoral mixed substrata
A3	Infralittoral rock and other hard substrata
A3.1	Atlantic and Mediterranean high energy infralittoral rock
A3.11	Kelp with cushion fauna and/or foliose red seaweeds
A3.111	Alaria esculenta on exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock
A3.1111	Alaria esculenta, Mytilus edulis and coralline crusts on very exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock
A3.1112	Alaria esculenta and Laminaria digitata on exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock
A3.112	Alaria esculenta forest with dense anemones and crustose sponges on extremely exposed infralittoral bedrock
A3.113	Laminaria hyperborea forest with a faunal cushion (sponges and polyclinids) and foliose red seaweeds on very exposed infralittoral rock
A3.114	Sparse Laminaria hyperborea and dense Paracentrotus lividus on exposed infralittoral limestone
A3.115	Laminaria hyperborea with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed infralittoral rock
A3.1151	Laminaria hyperborea forest with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed upper infralittoral rock
A3.1152	Laminaria hyperborea park with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock
A3.1153	Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria ochroleuca forest on exposed infralittoral rock
A3.116	Foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock
A3.1161	Foliose red seaweeds with dense Dictyota dichotoma and/or Dictyopteris membranacea on exposed lower infralittoral rock
A3.117	Laminaria hyperborea and red seaweeds on exposed vertical rock
A3.12	Sediment-affected or disturbed kelp and seaweed communities
A3.121	Saccorhiza polyschides and other opportunistic kelps on disturbed upper infralittoral rock
A3.122	Laminaria saccharina and/or Saccorhiza polyschides on exposed infralittoral rock
A3.123	Laminaria saccharina, Chorda filum and dense red seaweeds on shallow unstable infralittoral boulders and cobbles
A3.124	Dense Desmarestia spp. with filamentous red seaweeds on exposed infralittoral cobbles, pebbles and bedrock
A3.125	Mixed kelps with scour-tolerant and opportunistic foliose red seaweeds on scoured or sand-covered infralittoral rock
A3.126	Halidrys siliquosa and mixed kelps on tide-swept infralittoral rock with coarse sediment
A3.127	Polyides rotundus, Ahnfeltia plicata and Chondrus crispus on sand-covered infralittoral rock
A3.2	Atlantic and Mediterranean moderate energy infralittoral rock
A3.21	Kelp and red seaweeds (moderate energy infralittoral rock)
A3.211	Laminaria digitata on moderately exposed sublittoral fringe rock
A3.2111	Laminaria digitata on moderately exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock
A3.2112	Laminaria digitata and under-boulder fauna on sublittoral fringe boulders
A3.2113	Laminaria digitata and piddocks on sublittoral fringe soft rock
A3.212	Laminaria hyperborea on tide-swept, infralittoral rock
A3.2121	Laminaria hyperborea forest, foliose red seaweeds and a diverse fauna on tide-swept upper infralittoral rock
A3.2122	Laminaria hyperborea park with hydroids, bryozoans and sponges on tide-swept lower infralittoral rock
A3.213	Laminaria hyperborea on tide-swept infralittoral mixed substrata
A3.2131	Laminaria hyperborea forest and foliose red seaweeds on tide-swept upper infralittoral mixed substrata
A3.2132	Laminaria hyperborea park and foliose red seaweeds on tide-swept lower infralittoral mixed substrata
A3.214	Laminaria hyperborea and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed infralittoral rock
A3.2141	Laminaria hyperborea forest and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock
A3.2142	Laminaria hyperborea park and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower infralittoral rock
A3.2143	Grazed Laminaria hyperborea forest with coralline crusts on upper infralittoral rock
A3.2144	Grazed Laminaria hyperborea park with coralline crusts on lower infralittoral rock
A3.2145	Sabellaria spinulosa with kelp and red seaweeds on sand-influenced infralittoral rock
A3.215	Dense foliose red seaweeds on silty moderately exposed infralittoral rock
A3.216	Laminaria hyperborea on moderately exposed vertical rock
A3.217	Hiatella arctica and seaweeds on vertical limestone / chalk
A3.22	Kelp and seaweed communities in tide-swept sheltered conditions
A3.221	Laminaria digitata, ascidians and bryozoans on tide-swept sublittoral fringe rock
A3.222	Mixed kelp with foliose red seaweeds, sponges and ascidians on sheltered tide-swept infralittoral rock
A3.223	Mixed kelp and red seaweeds on infralittoral boulders, cobbles and gravel in tidal rapids
A3.224	Laminaria saccharina with foliose red seaweeds and ascidians on sheltered tide-swept infralittoral rock
A3.225	Filamentous red seaweeds, sponges and Balanus crenatus on tide-swept variable-salinity infralittoral rock
A3.3	Atlantic and Mediterranean low energy infralittoral rock
A3.31	Silted kelp on low energy infralittoral rock with full salinity
A3.311	Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria ochroleuca forest on moderately exposed or sheltered infralittoral rock
A3.312	Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria saccharina on sheltered infralittoral rock
A3.3121	Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria saccharina forest on sheltered upper infralittoral rock
A3.3122	Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria saccharina park on sheltered lower infralittoral rock
A3.3123	Grazed, mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria saccharina on sheltered infralittoral rock
A3.313	Laminaria saccharina on very sheltered infralittoral rock
A3.3131	Laminaria saccharina and Laminaria digitata on sheltered sublittoral fringe rock
A3.3132	Laminaria saccharina forest on very sheltered upper infralittoral rock
A3.3133	Laminaria saccharina park on very sheltered lower infralittoral rock
A3.3134	Grazed Laminaria saccharina with Echinus, brittlestars and coralline crusts on sheltered infralittoral rock
A3.314	Silted cape-form Laminaria hyperborea on very sheltered infralittoral rock
A3.315	Sargassum muticum on shallow slightly tide-swept infralittoral mixed substrata
A3.32	Kelp in variable salinity on low energy infralittoral rock
A3.321	Codium spp. with red seaweeds and sparse Laminaria saccharina on shallow, heavily-silted, very sheltered infralittoral rock
A3.322	Laminaria saccharina and Psammechinus miliaris on variable salinity grazed infralittoral rock
A3.323	Laminaria saccharina with Phyllophora spp. and filamentous green seaweeds on variable or reduced salinity infralittoral rock
A3.34	Submerged fucoids, green or red seaweeds (low salinity infralittoral rock)
A3.341	Mixed fucoids, Chorda filum and green seaweeds on reduced salinity infralittoral rock
A3.342	Ascophyllum nodosum and epiphytic sponges and ascidians on variable salinity infralittoral rock
A3.343	Polyides rotundus and/or Furcellaria lumbricalis on reduced salinity infralittoral rock
A3.344	Fucus ceranoides and Enteromorpha spp. on low salinity infralittoral rock
A3.36	Faunal communities on variable or reduced salinity infralittoral rock
A3.361	Mytilus edulis beds on reduced salinity infralittoral rock
A3.362	Cordylophora caspia and Electra crustulenta on reduced salinity infralittoral rock
A3.363	Hartlaubella gelatinosa and Conopeum reticulum on low salinity infralittoral mixed substrata
A3.7	Features of infralittoral rock
A3.71	Robust faunal cushions and crusts in surge gullies and caves
A3.711	Foliose seaweeds and coralline crusts in surge gully entrances
A3.712	Anemones, including Corynactis viridis, crustose sponges and colonial ascidians on very exposed or wave surged vertical infralittoral rock
A3.713	Crustose sponges and colonial ascidians with Dendrodoa grossularia or barnacles on wave-surged infralittoral rock
A3.714	Dendrodoa grossularia and Clathrina coriacea on wave-surged vertical infralittoral rock
A3.715	Crustose sponges on extremely wave-surged infralittoral cave or gully walls
A3.716	Coralline crusts in surge gullies and scoured infralittoral rock
A3.7161	Balanus crenatus and/or Pomatoceros triqueter with spirorbid worms and coralline crusts on severely scoured vertical infralittoral rock
A3.7162	Coralline crusts and crustaceans on mobile boulders or cobbles in surge gullies
A3.72	Infralittoral fouling seaweed communities
A4	Circalittoral rock and other hard substrata
A4.1	Atlantic and Mediterranean high energy circalittoral rock
A4.11	Very tide-swept faunal communities on circalittoral rock
A4.111	Balanus crenatus and Tubularia indivisa on extremely tide-swept circalittoral rock
A4.112	Tubularia indivisa on tide-swept circalittoral rock
A4.1121	Tubularia indivisa and cushion sponges on tide-swept turbid circalittoral bedrock
A4.1122	Alcyonium digitatum with dense Tubularia indivisa and anemones on strongly tide-swept circalittoral rock
A4.12	Sponge communities on deep circalittoral rock
A4.121	Phakellia ventilabrum and axinellid sponges on deep, wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.13	Mixed faunal turf communities on circalittoral rock
A4.131	Bryozoan turf and erect sponges on tide-swept circalittoral rock
A4.1311	Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.1312	Mixed turf of bryozoans and erect sponges with Dysidia fragilis and Actinothoe sphyrodeta on tide-swept wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.1313	Mixed turf of bryozoans and erect sponges with Sagartia elegans on tide-swept ciraclittoral rock
A4.132	Corynactis viridis and a mixed turf of crisiids, Bugula, Scrupocellaria, and Cellaria on moderately tide-swept exposed circalittoral rock
A4.133	Mixed turf of hydroids and large ascidians with Swiftia pallida and Caryophyllia smithii on weakly tide-swept circalittoral rock
A4.134	Flustra foliacea and colonial ascidians on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.1341	Polyclinum aurantium and Flustra foliacea on sand-scoured tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.1342	Flustra foliacea, small solitary and colonial ascidians on tide-swept circalittoral bedrock or boulders
A4.1343	Flustra foliacea and colonial ascidians on tide-swept exposed circalittoral mixed substrata
A4.135	Sparse sponges, Nemertesia spp., and Alcyonidium diaphanum on circalittoral mixed substrata
A4.136	Suberites spp. with a mixed turf of crisiids and Bugula spp. on heavily silted moderately wave-exposed shallow circalittoral rock
A4.137	Flustra foliacea and Haliclona oculata with a rich faunal turf on tide-swept circalittoral mixed substrata
A4.138	Molgula manhattensis with a hydroid and bryozoan turf on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.139	Sponges and anemones on vertical circalittoral bedrock
A4.2	Atlantic and Mediterranean moderate energy circalittoral rock
A4.21	Echinoderms and crustose communities on circalittoral rock
A4.211	Caryophyllia smithii and Swiftia pallida on circalittoral rock
A4.2111	Caryophyllia smithii, Swiftia pallida and Alcyonium glomeratum on wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
A4.2112	Caryophyllia smithii, Swiftia pallida and large solitary ascidians on exposed or moderately exposed circalittoral rock
A4.212	Caryophyllia smithii, sponges and crustose communities on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.2121	Brittlestars overlying coralline crusts, Parasmittina trispinosa and Caryophyllia smithii on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.2122	Caryophyllia smithii and sponges with Pentapora foliacea, Porella compressa and crustose communities on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.213	Urticina felina and sand-tolerant fauna on sand-scoured or covered circalittoral rock
A4.214	Faunal and algal crusts on exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.2141	Flustra foliacea on slightly scoured silty circalittoral rock
A4.2142	Alcyonium digitatum, Pomatoceros triqueter, algal and bryozoan crusts on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.2143	Alcyonium digitatum with Securiflustra securifrons on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.2144	Brittlestars on faunal and algal encrusted exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.2145	Faunal and algal crusts with Pomatoceros triqueter and sparse Alcyonium digitatum on exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.2146	Caryophyllia smithii with faunal and algal crusts on moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.215	Alcyonium digitatum and faunal crust communities on vertical circalittoral bedrock
A4.22	Sabellaria reefs on circalittoral rock
A4.221	Sabellaria spinulosa encrusted circalittoral rock
A4.2211	Sabellaria spinulosa with a bryozoan turf and barnacles on silty turbid circalittoral rock
A4.2212	Sabellaria spinulosa, didemnid and small ascidians on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.23	Communities on soft circalittoral rock
A4.231	Piddocks with a sparse associated fauna in sublittoral very soft chalk or clay
A4.232	Polydora sp. tubes on moderately exposed sublittoral soft rock
A4.233	Hiatella-bored vertical sublittoral limestone rock
A4.24	Mussel beds on circalittoral rock
A4.241	Mytilus edulis beds with hydroids and ascidians on tide-swept exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
A4.242	Musculus discors beds on moderately exposed circalittoral rock
A4.25	Circalittoral faunal communities in variable salinity
A4.251	Cushion sponges and hydroids on turbid tide-swept sheltered circalittoral rock
A4.2511	Cushion sponges, hydroids and ascidians on turbid tide-swept sheltered circalittoral rock
A4.2512	Cushion sponges and hydroids on turbid tide-swept variable salinity sheltered circalittoral rock
A4.252	Halichondria bowerbanki, Eudendrium arbusculum and Eucratea loricata on reduced salinity tide-swept circalittoral mixed substrata
A4.3	Atlantic and Mediterranean low energy circalittoral rock
A4.31	Brachiopod and ascidian communities on circalittoral rock
A4.311	Solitary ascidians, including Ascidia mentula and Ciona intestinalis, on wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
A4.3111	Solitary ascidians, including Ascidia mentula and Ciona intestinalis, with Antedon spp. on wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
A4.3112	Dense brittlestars with sparse Ascidia mentula and Ciona intestinalis on sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata
A4.312	Large solitary ascidians and erect sponges on wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
A4.313	Antedon spp., solitary ascidians and fine hydroids on sheltered circalittoral rock
A4.314	Neocrania anomala and Protanthea simplex on sheltered circalittoral rock
A4.3141	Neocrania anomala and Protanthea simplex on very wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
A4.3142	Neocrania anomala, Dendrodoa grossularia and Sarcodictyon roseum on variable salinity circalittoral rock
A4.7	Features of circalittoral rock
A4.71	Communities of circalittoral caves and overhangs
A4.711	Sponges, cup corals and anthozoans on shaded or overhanging circalittoral rock
A4.72	Circalittoral fouling faunal communities
A4.721	Alcyonium digitatum and Metridium senile on moderately wave-exposed circalittoral steel wrecks
A4.722	Ascidiella aspersa on circalittoral artificial substrata
A5	Sublittoral sediment
A5.1	Sublittoral coarse sediment
A5.12	Sublittoral coarse sediment in variable salinity (estuaries)
A5.13	Infralittoral coarse sediment
A5.131	Sparse fauna on highly mobile sublittoral shingle (cobbles and pebbles)
A5.132	Halcampa chrysanthellum and Edwardsia timida on sublittoral clean stone gravel
A5.133	Moerella spp. with venerid bivalves in infralittoral gravelly sand
A5.134	Hesionura elongata and Microphthalmus similis with other interstitial polychaetes in infralittoral mobile coarse sand
A5.135	Glycera lapidum in impoverished infralittoral mobile gravel and sand
A5.136	Cumaceans and Chaetozone setosa in infralittoral gravelly sand
A5.137	Dense Lanice conchilega and other polychaetes in tide-swept infralittoral sand and mixed gravelly sand
A5.14	Circalittoral coarse sediment
A5.141	Pomatoceros triqueter with barnacles and bryozoan crusts on unstable circalittoral cobbles and pebbles
A5.142	Mediomastus fragilis, Lumbrineris spp. and venerid bivalves in circalittoral coarse sand or gravel
A5.143	Protodorvillea kefersteini and other polychaetes in impoverished circalittoral mixed gravelly sand
A5.144	Neopentadactyla mixta in circalittoral shell gravel or coarse sand
A5.145	Branchiostoma lanceolatum in circalittoral coarse sand with shell gravel
A5.15	Deep circalittoral coarse sediment
A5.151	Glycera lapidum, Thyasira spp. and Amythasides macroglossus in offshore gravelly sand
A5.152	Hesionura elongata and Protodorvillea kefersteini in offshore coarse sand
A5.2	Sublittoral sand
A5.21	Sublittoral sand in low or reduced salinity
A5.22	Sublittoral sand in variable salinity (estuaries)
A5.221	Infralittoral mobile sand in variable salinity (estuaries)
A5.222	Nephtys cirrosa and Macoma balthica in variable salinity infralittoral mobile sand
A5.223	Neomysis integer and Gammarus spp. in fluctuating low salinity infralittoral mobile sand
A5.23	Infralittoral fine sand
A5.231	Infralittoral mobile clean sand with sparse fauna
A5.232	Sertularia cupressina and Hydrallmania falcata on tide-swept sublittoral sand with cobbles or pebbles
A5.233	Nephtys cirrosa and Bathyporeia spp. in infralittoral sand
A5.234	Semi-permanent tube-building amphipods and polychaetes in sublittoral sand
A5.24	Infralittoral muddy sand
A5.241	Echinocardium cordatum and Ensis spp. in lower shore and shallow sublittoral slightly muddy fine sand
A5.242	Fabulina fabula and Magelona mirabilis with venerid bivalves and amphipods in infralittoral compacted fine muddy sand
A5.243	Arenicola marina in infralittoral fine sand or muddy sand
A5.244	Spisula subtruncata and Nephtys hombergii in shallow muddy sand
A5.25	Circalittoral fine sand
A5.251	Echinocyamus pusillus, Ophelia borealis and Abra prismatica in circalittoral fine sand
A5.252	Abra prismatica, Bathyporeia elegans and polychaetes in circalittoral fine sand
A5.26	Circalittoral muddy sand
A5.261	Abra alba and Nucula nitidosa in circalittoral muddy sand or slightly mixed sediment
A5.262	Amphiura brachiata with Astropecten irregularis and other echinoderms in circalittoral muddy sand
A5.27	Deep circalittoral sand
A5.271	Maldanid polychaetes and Eudorellopsis deformis in deep circalittoral sand or muddy sand
A5.272	Owenia fusiformis and Amphiura filiformis in deep circalittoral sand or muddy sand
A5.3	Sublittoral mud
A5.31	Sublittoral mud in low or reduced salinity
A5.32	Sublittoral mud in variable salinity (estuaries)
A5.321	Polydora ciliata and Corophium volutator in variable salinity infralittoral firm mud or clay
A5.322	Aphelochaeta marioni and Tubificoides spp. in variable salinity infralittoral mud
A5.323	Nephtys hombergii and Tubificoides spp. in variable salinity infralittoral soft mud
A5.324	Infralittoral fluid mobile mud
A5.325	Capitella capitata and Tubificoides spp. in reduced salinity infralittoral muddy sediment
A5.326	Oligochaetes in variable or reduced salinity infralittoral muddy sediment
A5.327	Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex tubifex and Gammarus spp. in low salinity infralittoral muddy sediment
A5.33	Infralittoral sandy mud
A5.331	Nephtys hombergii and Macoma balthica in infralittoral sandy mud
A5.332	Sagartiogeton undatus and Ascidiella aspersa on infralittoral sandy mud
A5.333	Mysella bidentata and Abra spp. in infralittoral sandy mud
A5.334	Melinna palmata with Magelona spp. and Thyasira spp. in infralittoral sandy mud
A5.335	Ampelisca spp., Photis longicaudata and other tube-building amphipods and polychaetes in infralittoral sandy mud
A5.336	Capitella capitata in enriched sublittoral muddy sediments
A5.34	Infralittoral fine mud
A5.341	Cerastoderma edule with Abra nitida in infralittoral mud
A5.342	Arenicola marina in infralittoral mud
A5.343	Philine aperta and Virgularia mirabilis in soft stable infralittoral mud
A5.344	Ocnus planci aggregations on sheltered sublittoral muddy sediment
A5.35	Circalittoral sandy mud
A5.351	Amphiura filiformis, Mysella bidentata and Abra nitida in circalittoral sandy mud
A5.352	Thyasira spp. and Nuculoma tenuis in circalittoral sandy mud
A5.353	Amphiura filiformis and Nuculoma tenuis in circalittoral and offshore muddy sand
A5.354	Virgularia mirabilis and Ophiura spp. with Pecten maximus on circalittoral sandy or shelly mud
A5.3541	Virgularia mirabilis and Ophiura spp. with Pecten maximus, hydroids and ascidians on circalittoral sandy or shelly mud with shells or stones
A5.355	Lagis koreni and Phaxas pellucidus in circalittoral sandy mud
A5.36	Circalittoral fine mud
A5.361	Seapens and burrowing megafauna in circalittoral fine mud
A5.3611	Seapens, including Funiculina quadrangularis, and burrowing megafauna in undisturbed circalittoral fine mud
A5.362	Burrowing megafauna and Maxmuelleria lankesteri in circalittoral mud
A5.363	Brissopsis lyrifera and Amphiura chiajei in circalittoral mud
A5.37	Deep circalittoral mud
A5.371	Ampharete falcata turf with Parvicardium ovale on cohesive muddy sediment near margins of deep stratified seas
A5.372	Foraminiferans and Thyasira spp. in deep circalittoral soft mud
A5.373	Styela gelatinosa, Pseudamussium septemradiatum and solitary ascidians on sheltered deep circalittoral muddy sediment
A5.374	Capitella capitata and Thyasira spp. in organically-enriched offshore circalittoral mud and sandy mud
A5.3741	Capitella capitata, Thyasira spp. and Ophryotrocha dubia inorganically-enriched offshore circalittoral mud or sandy mud
A5.375	Levinsenia gracilis and Heteromastus filifirmis in offshore circalittoral mud and sandy mud
A5.376	Paramphinome jeffreysii, Thyasira spp. and Amphiura filiformis in offshore circalittoral sandy mud
A5.377	Myrtea spinifera and polychaetes in offshore circalittoral sandy mud
A5.4	Sublittoral mixed sediments
A5.41	Sublittoral mixed sediment in low or reduced salinity
A5.42	Sublittoral mixed sediment in variable salinity (estuaries)
A5.421	Aphelochaeta spp. and Polydora spp. in variable salinity infralittoral mixed sediment
A5.422	Crepidula fornicata and Mediomastus fragilis in variable salinity infralittoral mixed sediment
A5.43	Infralittoral mixed sediments
A5.431	Crepidula fornicata with ascidians and anemones on infralittoral coarse mixed sediment
A5.432	Sabella pavonina with sponges and anemones on infralittoral mixed sediment
A5.433	Venerupis senegalensis, Amphipholis squamata and Apseudes latreilli in infralittoral mixed sediment
A5.434	Limaria hians beds in tide-swept sublittoral muddy mixed sediment
A5.435	Ostrea edulis beds on shallow sublittoral muddy mixed sediment
A5.44	Circalittoral mixed sediments
A5.441	Cerianthus lloydii and other burrowing anemones in circalittoral muddy mixed sediment
A5.4411	Cerianthus lloydii with Nemertesia spp. and other hydroids in circalittoral muddy mixed sediment
A5.442	Sparse Modiolus modiolus, dense Cerianthus lloydii and burrowing holothurians on sheltered circalittoral stones and mixed sediment
A5.443	Mysella bidentata and Thyasira spp. in circalittoral muddy mixed sediment
A5.444	Flustra foliacea and Hydrallmania falcata on tide-swept circalittoral mixed sediment
A5.445	Ophiothrix fragilis and/or Ophiocomina nigra brittlestar beds on sublittoral mixed sediment
A5.45	Deep circalittoral mixed sediments
A5.451	Polychaete-rich deep Venus community in offshore mixed sediments
A5.5	Sublittoral macrophyte-dominated sediment
A5.51	Maerl beds
A5.511	Phymatolithon calcareum maerl beds in infralittoral clean gravel or coarse sand
A5.5111	Phymatolithon calcareum maerl beds with red seaweeds in shallow infralittoral clean gravel or coarse sand
A5.5112	Phymatolithon calcareum maerl beds with Neopentadactyla mixta and other echinoderms in deeper infralittoral clean gravel or coarse sand
A5.512	Lithothamnion glaciale maerl beds in tide-swept variable salinity infralittoral gravel
A5.513	Lithothamnion corallioides maerl beds on infralittoral muddy gravel
A5.514	Lithophyllum fasciculatum maerl beds on infralittoral mud
A5.52	Kelp and seaweed communities on sublittoral sediment
A5.521	Laminaria saccharina and red seaweeds on infralittoral sediments
A5.5211	Red seaweeds and kelps on tide-swept mobile infralittoral cobbles and pebbles
A5.5212	Laminaria saccharina and robust red algae on infralittoral gravel and pebble
A5.5213	Laminaria saccharina and filamentous red algae on infralittoral sand
A5.5214	Laminaria saccharina with red and brown seaweeds on lower infralittoral muddy mixed sediment
A5.522	Laminaria saccharina and Chorda filum on sheltered upper infralittoral muddy sediment
A5.523	Laminaria saccharina with Psammechinus miliaris and/or Modiolus modiolus on variable salinity infralittoral sediment
A5.524	Laminaria saccharina, Gracilaria gracilis and brown seaweeds on full salinity infralittoral sediment
A5.525	Laminaria saccharina and Gracilaria gracilis with sponges and ascidians on variable salinity infralittoral sediment
A5.526	Mats of Trailliella on infralittoral muddy gravel
A5.527	Loose-lying mats of Phyllophora crispa on infralittoral muddy sediment
A5.528	Filamentous green seaweeds on low salinity infralittoral mixed sediment or rock
A5.533	Zostera beds in full salinity infralittoral sediments
A5.5331	Zostera marina/angustifolia beds on lower shore or infralittoral clean or muddy sand
A5.534	Ruppia and Zannichellia communities
A5.5343	Ruppia maritima in reduced salinity infralittoral muddy sand
A5.541	Vegetation of brackish waters dominated by Phragmites australis
A5.542	Association with Potamogeton pectinatus
A5.6	Sublittoral biogenic reefs
A5.61	Sublittoral polychaete worm reefs on sediment
A5.611	Sabellaria spinulosa on stable circalittoral mixed sediment
A5.612	Sabellaria alveolata on variable salinity sublittoral mixed sediment
A5.613	Serpula vermicularis reefs on very sheltered circalittoral muddy sand
A5.62	Sublittoral mussel beds on sediment
A5.621	Modiolus modiolus beds with hydroids and red seaweeds on tide-swept circalittoral mixed substrata
A5.622	Modiolus modiolus beds on open coast circalittoral mixed sediment
A5.623	Modiolus modiolus beds with fine hydroids and large solitary ascidians on very sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata
A5.624	Modiolus modiolus beds with Chlamys varia, sponges, hydroids and bryozoans on slightly tide-swept very sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata
A5.625	Mytilus edulis beds on sublittoral sediment
A5.63	Circalittoral coral reefs
A5.631	Circalittoral Lophelia pertusa reefs
A5.7	Features of sublittoral sediments
A5.7211	Beggiatoa spp. on anoxic sublittoral mud
B3.11	Lichens or small green algae on supralittoral and littoral fringe rock
B3.111	Yellow and grey lichens on supralittoral rock
B3.112	Prasiola stipitata on nitrate-enriched supralittoral or littoral fringe rock
B3.113	Verrucaria maura on littoral fringe rock
B3.1131	Verrucaria maura and sparse barnacles on exposed littoral fringe rock
B3.1132	Verrucaria maura on very exposed to very sheltered upper littoral fringe rock
B3.114	Blidingia spp. on vertical littoral fringe chalk
B3.115	Ulothrix flacca and Urospora spp. on freshwater-influenced vertical littoral fringe soft rock

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The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland, Version 04.05

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