Kingdom: Animalia > Phylum: Chordata > Class: Aves > Order: Anseriformes > Family: Anatidae > Genus: Oxyura > Species: Oxyura leucocephala

White-headed Duck - Oxyura leucocephala (Scopoli, 1769)

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Quick facts

Threat status Europe	Endangered (IUCN)
EU Population status	Threatened
Protected by	EU Birds Directive and 7 other international agreements
Natura 2000 sites	90 are designated for this species
Most preferred habitats	rivers and lakes
Natura 2000 species code	A071

Distribution

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Threat and EU population status

IUCN Red List status of threatened species

The IUCN Red List threat status assesses the risk of extinction.

World

Endangered

Europe

Endangered

Vulnerable

EU population status

The status of the population at the EU level was evaluated at the species level; this was based on the reports delivered by Member States under Article 12 of the Birds Directive (see fact sheet below). The EU status assessment can cover several subspecies/subspecific population units. For more information, please consult the species fact sheet and link below.

IUCN Red List Category

Not Evaluated	Near Threatened	Regionally Extinct
Not Applicable	Vulnerable	Extinct in the Wild
Data Deficient	Endangered	Extinct
Least Concern	Critically Endangered

Sources:

Population status categories for bird species under the Birds Directive

Secure

Near Threatened, declining or depleted

Threatened (i.e. vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, regionally extinct)

Unknown or not evaluated

Natura 2000 sites

Protected in the following Natura 2000 sites

Sitecode	Country	Site name	Action
ES0000013	Spain	Tablas de Daimiel	Map
ES0000020	Spain	Delta de l'Ebre	Map
ES0000023	Spain	L'Albufera	Map
ES0000024	Spain	Doñana	Map
ES0000025	Spain	Marismas del Odiel	Map
ES0000026	Spain	Complejo Endorreico de Espera	Map
ES0000027	Spain	Laguna de Medina	Map
ES0000028	Spain	Complejo Endorreico de Chiclana	Map
ES0000029	Spain	Complejo Endorreico del Puerto de Santa María	Map
ES0000030	Spain	Complejo Endorreico de Puerto Real	Map
ES0000033	Spain	Laguna de Fuente de Piedra	Map
ES0000034	Spain	Lagunas del Sur de Córdoba	Map
ES0000038	Spain	S'Albufera de Mallorca	Map
ES0000046	Spain	Cabo de Gata-Níjar	Map
ES0000048	Spain	Punta Entinas-Sabinar	Map
ES0000058	Spain	el Fondo d'Elx-Crevillent	Map
ES0000069	Spain	Embalse de Cornalvo y Sierra Bermeja	Map
ES0000142	Spain	Cortados y cantiles de los ríos Jarama y Manzanares	Map
ES0000195	Spain	Humedal del Ajauque y Rambla Salada	Map
ES0000268	Spain	Saladares del Guadalentín	Map
ES0000272	Spain	Brazo del Este	Map
ES0000273	Spain	Embalse de Cordobilla	Map
ES0000274	Spain	Embalse de Malpasillo	Map
ES0000275	Spain	Complejo Endorreico de Lebrija-Las Cabezas	Map
ES0000398	Spain	Llanos y Complejo Lagunar de la Albuera	Map
ES6110001	Spain	Albufera de Adra	Map
ES6120014	Spain	Laguna de Las Canteras y El Tejón	Map
ES6150003	Spain	Estero de Domingo Rubio	Map
ES6160002	Spain	Alto Guadalquivir	Map
ES6170001	Spain	Laguna de La Ratosa	Map
ES6170015	Spain	Lagunas de Campillos	Map
ES6180001	Spain	Complejo Endorreico de Utrera	Map
ES6180002	Spain	Complejo Endorreico de La Lantejuela	Map
ES6180003	Spain	Laguna del Gosque	Map
FR5210008	France	Lac de Grand Lieu	Map
GR1110006	Greece	DELTA EVROU	Map
GR1130010	Greece	LIMNES VISTONIS, ISMARIS - LIMNOTHALASSES PORTO LAGOS, ALYKI PTELEA, XIROLIMNI, KARATZA	Map
GR1220009	Greece	LIMNES KORONEIAS - VOLVIS, STENA RENTINAS KAI EVRYTERI PERIOCHI	Map
GR1260008	Greece	TECHNITI LIMNI KERKINIS - OROS KROUSIA	Map
GR2440005	Greece	KATO ROUS KAI EKVOLES SPERCHEIOU POTAMOU	Map
ES4250010	Spain	Humedales de La Mancha	Map
ES6160001	Spain	Laguna Honda	Map
BG0000270	Bulgaria	Atanasovsko ezero	Map
IT3341002	Italy	Aree Carsiche della Venezia Giulia	Map
ES6150001	Spain	Laguna de El Portil	Map
BG0002046	Bulgaria	Yatata	Map
ES4210004	Spain	Lagunas saladas de Pétrola y Salobrejo y complejo lagunar de Corral Rubio	Map
ES4250009	Spain	Yesares del valle del Tajo	Map
ES6110017	Spain	Río Antas	Map
IT9110037	Italy	Laghi di Lesina e Varano	Map
BG0002022	Bulgaria	Yazovir Rozov kladenets	Map
ES4220001	Spain	Navas de Malagón	Map
ES3110006	Spain	Vegas, cuestas y páramos del sureste de Madrid	Map
ES6120011	Spain	Laguna de Los Tollos	Map
ES6150017	Spain	Marisma de Las Carboneras	Map
ITA010031	Italy	Laghetti di Preola e Gorghi Tondi, Sciare di Mazara e Pantano Leone	Map
ES4220005	Spain	Lagunas volcánicas del Campo de Calatrava	Map
ES6150028	Spain	Estuario del Río Piedras	Map
IT3340006	Italy	Carso Triestino e Goriziano	Map
BG0000273	Bulgaria	Burgasko ezero	Map
IT9110038	Italy	Paludi presso il Golfo di Manfredonia	Map
ES6200005	Spain	Humedal del Ajauque y Rambla Salada	Map
ES6150009	Spain	Doñana Norte y Oeste	Map
ES6160004	Spain	Laguna Grande	Map
ES6200045	Spain	Ríos Mula y Pliego	Map
ES6150004	Spain	Lagunas de Palos y Las Madres	Map
BG0000152	Bulgaria	Pomoriysko ezero	Map
ROSPA0060	Romania	Lacurile Tașaul - Corbu	Map
ROSPA0057	Romania	Lacul Siutghiol	Map
ROSPA0031	Romania	Delta Dunării și Complexul Razim - Sinoie	Map
ROSPA0061	Romania	Lacul Techirghiol	Map
BG0002050	Bulgaria	Durankulashko ezero	Map
BG0000156	Bulgaria	Shablenski ezeren kompleks	Map
BG0000191	Bulgaria	Varnensko-Beloslavsko ezero	Map
BG0000271	Bulgaria	Mandra - Poda	Map
ES0000451	Spain	Montdúver-Marjal de la Safor	Map
ES0000438	Spain	Carrizales y sotos del Jarama y Tajo	Map
ES0000470	Spain	Marjal dels Moros (ZEPA)	Map
ES0000471	Spain	l'Albufera (ZEPA)	Map
ES6180017	Spain	Campiñas de Sevilla	Map
ES0000462	Spain	Clot de Galvany	Map
ES4310003	Spain	Complejo Lagunar de la Albuera	Map
ROSPA0066	Romania	Limanu - Herghelia	Map
ES0000484	Spain	el Fondo d'Elx-Crevillent (ZEPA)	Map
ES0000487	Spain	Marjal de Pego-Oliva (ZEPA)	Map
ES0000486	Spain	Salines de Santa Pola (ZEPA)	Map
ES0000485	Spain	Lagunas de la Mata y Torrevieja (ZEPA)	Map
ES5310125	Spain	Albufera de Mallorca	Map
ES0000537	Spain	Lagunas de Campotejar	Map
ES0000536	Spain	Lagunas de las Moreras	Map

Protected sites

Please note the site map takes a while to display.

Legal status

Mentioned in the following international legal instruments and agreements

Legal text	Annex	More information
Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 30 November 2009, on the conservation of wild birds (EU Birds Directive)	Annex I: Species that shall be the subject of special conservation measures concerning their habitat in order to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution. Member States shall classify territories as special protection areas for the conservation of these species.	http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats (Bern Convention)	Annex II: strictly protected fauna species	http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cul.../bern/default_en.asp
	Revised Annex I of Resolution 6 (1998) of the Bern Convention listing the species requiring specific habitat conservation measures (year of revision 2011)	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 6 (1998) of the Bern Convention lists the species requiring specific habitat conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming for the Emerald network]
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. (Bonn Convention)	Annex I: migratory species which are endangered and must be protected by Parties	http://www.cms.int/
	Annex II: migratory species which have an unfavourable conservation status and which require international agreements for their conservation and management, as well as those which have a conservation status which would significantly benefit from the international co-operation that could be achieved by an international agreement.
Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds. Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals. (AEWA)	Annex II: Waterbird species to which the Agreement applies	http://www.migratoryspecies....ent/about-cms-family http://www.unep-aewa.org/en/legalinstrument/aewa
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)	Annex II: (a) all species which, although not necessarily now threatened with extinction, may become so unless trade in specimens of such species is subject to strict regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival; and (b) other species which must be subject to regulation in order that trade in specimens of certain species referred to in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph may be brought under effective control.	http://www.cites.org/eng
Commission regulation (EU) No 1320/2014, of 1 December 2014, amending Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein (EU regulation of trade of fauna and flora)	Annex A includes: All CITES Appendix I species, except where EU Member States have entered a reservation; Some CITES Appendix II and III species, for which the EU has adopted stricter domestic measures; Some non-CITES species	http://ec.europa.eu/environm...s/legislation_en.htm

Common names and synonyms

Common Name	Language	Reference
Érismature à tête blanche	French	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Gobbo rugginoso	Italian	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Hvidhovedet and	Danish	EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Kopparand	Swedish	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Malvasía	Spanish	EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Malvasía Cabeciblanca	Spanish	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Pato-rabo-alçado	Portuguese	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Sterniczka	Polish	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Viuhkasorsa	Finnish	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Weißkopf-Ruderente	German	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
White-headed Duck	English	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Witkopeend	Dutch	Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.

No synonyms available.

Other resources

Bird action plan
CoL (accepted name)	Catalogue of Life
EBCC Atlas of breeding birds	European Bird Census Council's Atlas of Breeding Birds
EURing code:02260	European bird-ringing
EoL	Encyclopedia of Life
Fauna Europaea	Fauna Europaea
GBIF	Global Biodiversity Information Facility
ITIS (Valid name)	Interagency Taxonomic Information System
NCBI search	National Center for Biotechnology Information
NOBANIS: Oxyura leucocephala	European Network on Invasive Alien Species
PESI (Accepted)	Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure
Species+	Species+ by UNEP-WCMC
Wikipedia	Wikipedia

External data

Population distribution from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2

These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.

18 items found, displaying all items.1

Country	Min / Max (Units)	Period	Status	Quality	Source	Published
Albania	0/2 (individuals)	1995-2002	Wintering	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Armenia	20/30 (pairs)	1997-2002	Breeding	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Azerbaijan	2000/7000 (individuals)	1996-2002	Wintering	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Bulgaria	12/2260 (individuals)	1997-2002	Wintering	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Cyprus	0/6 (individuals)	1994-2002	Wintering	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
France	0/2 (individuals)	1998-2002	Wintering	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Georgia	Present/Present (pairs)	2003	Breeding	Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Greece	260/2215 (individuals)	1995-1999	Wintering	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Romania	50/700 (individuals)	1990-2000	Wintering	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Russian Federation	80/100 (pairs)	1999-2002	Breeding	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Russian Federation	10/40 (pairs)	-	Breeding	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990)	1994-01-01
Spain	417/2359 (individuals)	1990-2001	Wintering	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Spain	250/999 (pairs)	2002	Breeding	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Spain	50/100 (pairs)	-	Breeding	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990)	1994-01-01
Turkey	200/250 (pairs)	2001	Breeding	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Turkey	3000/12000 (individuals)	1991-2001	Wintering	Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01
Turkey	150/250 (pairs)	-	Breeding	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990)	1994-01-01
Ukraine	0/8 (individuals)	1990-2000	Wintering	Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available	Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000)	2004-01-01

Source: BirdLife International

Population trends from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2