Kingdom: Animalia > Phylum: Chordata > Class: Actinopterygii > Order: Salmoniformes > Family: Salmonidae > Genus: Salmo > Species: Salmo salar

Black salmon - Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758

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Quick facts

Threat status Europe Vulnerable (IUCN)
Protected by EU Habitats Directive and 4 other international agreements
Natura 2000 sites 452 are designated for this species
Reported as invasive by NOBANIS, see also fact sheet
Most preferred habitats
  • rivers and lakes
  • shelf
May also occur in
  • coastal
  • marine inlets and transitional waters
Natura 2000 species code 1106

Distribution

The distribution map is currently disabled. A new map solution will soon become available. In the meantime, please consult other species distribution map providers listed in the Other resources panel below.

Threat and conservation status

IUCN Red List status of threatened species

The IUCN Red List threat status assesses the risk of extinction.

World

Lower Risk: Least Concern

Europe

Vulnerable

EU

Not evaluated

IUCN Red List Category
Not Evaluated
Near Threatened
Regionally Extinct
Not Applicable
Vulnerable
Extinct in the Wild
Data Deficient
Endangered
Extinct
Least Concern
Critically Endangered
Sources:

EU conservation status

Conservation status assesses every six years and for each biogeographical region the condition of habitats and species compared to the favourable status as described in the Habitats Directive. The map shows the 2013-2018 assessments as reported by EU Member State. Assessments are further detailed in the summary document available behind the link below.

Good: the species is viable and maintaining itself on a long-term basis, its natural range is not reduced, and it has a sufficient large habitat.
Poor: the species is not as critical as being unfavourable-bad, but still requires significant conservation and restoration measure to make it viable in the long-term, or to enlarged its current range, or to improve the quality and availability of its habitat.
Bad: the species is either not maintaining itself on a long-term basis and is not viable, or its natural range as been or is being drastically reduced, or its habitat is largely insufficient; the species requires major conservation and restoration measures.
Unknown: the information available for the species is scarce and does not allow a proper assessment of its conservation status.
Sources:

Natura 2000 sites

Protected in the following Natura 2000 sites

Sitecode Country Site name Action
BE2200039 Belgium Voerstreek Map
DE2322301 Germany Schwingetal Map
DE2424302 Germany Mühlenberger Loch/Neßsand Map
DE2522301 Germany Auetal und Nebentäler Map
DE2935301 Germany Aland-Elbe-Niederung nördlich Seehausen Map
DE3036301 Germany Elbaue Beuster-Wahrenberg Map
DE3115301 Germany Bäken der Endeler und Holzhauser Heide Map
DE3138301 Germany Elbaue Werben und Alte Elbe Kannenberg Map
DE3138302 Germany Havel nördlich Havelberg Map
DE3238302 Germany Elbaue zwischen Sandau und Schönhausen Map
DE3437302 Germany Elbaue zwischen Derben und Schönhausen Map
DE3637301 Germany Elbaue bei Bertingen Map
DE3736301 Germany Elbaue südlich Rogätz mit Ohremündung Map
DE3835301 Germany Stromelbe im Stadtzentrum Magdeburg Map
DE3936301 Germany Elbaue zwischen Saalemündung und Magdeburg Map
DE3939301 Germany Obere Nuthe-Läufe Map
DE4037302 Germany Elbaue Steckby-Lödderitz Map
DE4138301 Germany Kühnauer Heide und Elbaue zwischen Aken und Dessau Map
DE4140304 Germany Dessau-Wörlitzer Elbauen Map
DE4142301 Germany Elbaue zwischen Griebo und Prettin Map
DE4239302 Germany Untere Muldeaue Map
DE4342301 Germany Elbtal zwischen Mühlberg und Greudnitz Map
DE4545301 Germany Elbtal zwischen Schöna und Mühlberg Map
DE4809301 Germany Dhünn u. Eifgenbach Map
DE4950301 Germany Polenztal Map
DE5050301 Germany Nationalpark Sächsische Schweiz Map
DE5050302 Germany Lachsbach- und Sebnitztal Map
DE5110301 Germany Brölbach Map
DE5208301 Germany Siegaue und Siegmündung Map
DE5210303 Germany Sieg Map
DE5409301 Germany Mündungsgebiet der Ahr Map
DE5613301 Germany Lahnhänge Map
DE5621301 Germany Gewässersystem der Bracht Map
DE5914303 Germany Rheinniederung Mainz-Bingen Map
DE6205301 Germany Sauertal und Seitentäler Map
DE6416301 Germany Rheinniederung Ludwigshafen-Worms Map
DE6716301 Germany Rheinniederung Germersheim-Speyer Map
DE6816301 Germany Hördter Rheinaue Map
DE6915301 Germany Rheinniederung Neuburg-Wörth Map
DK003X207 Denmark Gribskov Map
DK00AX175 Denmark Nørholm Hede, Nørholm Skov og Varde Å øst for Varde Map
DK00AX177 Denmark Sneum Å og Holsted Ådal Map
DK00AX178 Denmark Kongeå Map
DK00AX291 Denmark Alslev Ådal Map
DK00AY176 Denmark Vadehavet med Ribe Å, Tved Å og Varde Å vest for Varde Map
DK00CX037 Denmark Borris Hede Map
DK00CX159 Denmark Heder og klitter på Skovbjerg Bakkeø Map
DK00CX160 Denmark Nissum Fjord Map
DK00CX162 Denmark Skjern Å Map
DK00CX286 Denmark Idom Å og Ormstrup Hede Map
DK00CY163 Denmark Ringkøbing Fjord og Nymindestrømmen Map
EE0010173 Estonia Lahemaa Map
ES0000085 Spain Ribadeo Map
ES0000086 Spain Ría de Ortigueira e Ladrido Map
ES0000087 Spain Complexo intermareal Umia - O Grove, A Lanzada, punta Carreirón e lagoa Bodeira Map
ES0000143 Spain Marismas de Santoña, Victoria y Joyel y Ría de Ajo Map
ES0000243 Spain Txingudi Map
ES0000248 Spain Desfiladero de la Hermida Map
ES0000317 Spain Penarronda-Barayo Map
ES0000318 Spain Cabo Busto-Luanco Map
ES0000319 Spain Ría de Ribadesella-Ría de Tinamayor Map
ES0000373 Spain Ría de Foz Map
ES0000375 Spain Esteiro do Miño Map
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ES1110011 Spain Esteiro do Tambre Map
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ES1140001 Spain Sistema fluvial Ulla - Deza Map
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ES1140004 Spain Complexo Ons - O Grove Map
ES1140006 Spain Río Tea Map
ES1140007 Spain Baixo Miño Map
ES1200001 Spain Picos de Europa (Asturias) Map
ES1200010 Spain Montovo-La Mesa Map
ES1200023 Spain Río Eo (Asturias) Map
ES1200024 Spain Río Porcía Map
ES1200025 Spain Río Navia Map
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ES1200033 Spain Río Las Cabras-Bedón Map
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ES1300007 Spain Marismas de Santoña, Victoria y Joyel Map
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ES2130010 Spain Lea ibaia / Río Lea Map
ES2200014 Spain Río Bidasoa Map
ES2200023 Spain Río Baztan y Regata Artesiaga Map
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FR5400462 France Vallée de la Gartempe - Les Portes d'Enfer Map
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FR5400535 France Vallée de l'Anglin Map
FR5402004 France Basse vallée de la Gartempe Map
FR5402009 France Vallée de la Charente entre Angoulème et Cognac et ses principaux affluents (SOLOIRE, BOEME, ECHELLE) Map
FR7200660 France La Dordogne Map
FR7200661 France Vallée de l'Isle de Périgueux à sa confluence avec la Dordogne Map
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FR7200786 France La Nive Map
FR7200789 France La Bidouze (cours d'eau) Map
FR7200790 France Le Saison (cours d'eau) Map
FR7200791 France Le Gave d'Oloron (cours d'eau) et marais de Labastide-Villefranche Map
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FR7200793 France Le Gave d'Ossau Map
FR7300898 France Vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise Map
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FR7300922 France Gaves de Pau et de Cauterets (et gorge de Cauterets) Map
FR7301822 France Garonne, Ariège, Hers, Salat, Pique et Neste Map
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FR7401111 France Vallée de la Vézère d'Uzerche à la limite départementale 19/24 Map
FR7401113 France Vallée de la Montane vers Gimel-les-Cascades Map
FR7401147 France Vallée de la Gartempe sur l'ensemble de son cours et affluents Map
FR8301015 France Vallée de l'Allier nord Map
FR8301016 France Vallée de l'Allier sud Map
FR8301017 France Basse Sioule Map
FR8301032 France Zones alluviales de la confluence Dore-Allier Map
FR8301034 France Gorges de la Sioule Map
FR8301035 France Vallées et côteaux xérothermiques des Couzes et Limagnes Map
FR8301038 France Val d'Allier - Alagnon Map
FR8301067 France Vallées et Gîtes de la Sianne et du Bas Alagnon Map
FR8301072 France Val d'Allier Limagne Brivadoise Map
FR8301074 France Val d'Allier / Vieille Brioude / Langeac Map
FR8301075 France Gorges de l'Allier et affluents Map
FR8301091 France Dore et affluents Map
IE0000163 Ireland Lough Eske and Ardnamona Wood SAC Map
IE0000197 Ireland West of Ardara/Maas Road SAC Map
IE0000297 Ireland Lough Corrib SAC Map
IE0000343 Ireland Castlemaine Harbour SAC Map
IE0000365 Ireland Killarney National Park, Macgillycuddy's Reeks and Caragh River Catchment SAC Map
IE0000428 Ireland Lough Melvin SAC Map
IE0000500 Ireland Glenamoy Bog Complex SAC Map
IE0000534 Ireland Owenduff/Nephin Complex SAC Map
IE0000781 Ireland Slaney River Valley SAC Map
IE0001898 Ireland Unshin River SAC Map
IE0001932 Ireland Mweelrea/Sheeffry/Erriff Complex SAC Map
IE0001976 Ireland Lough Gill SAC Map
IE0002008 Ireland Maumturk Mountains SAC Map
IE0002031 Ireland The Twelve Bens/Garraun Complex SAC Map
IE0002034 Ireland Connemara Bog Complex SAC Map
IE0002047 Ireland Cloghernagore Bog and Glenveagh National Park SAC Map
IE0002137 Ireland Lower River Suir SAC Map
IE0002144 Ireland Newport River SAC Map
IE0002162 Ireland River Barrow and River Nore SAC Map
IE0002165 Ireland Lower River Shannon SAC Map
IE0002170 Ireland Blackwater River (Cork/Waterford) SAC Map
IE0002173 Ireland Blackwater River (Kerry) SAC Map
IE0002176 Ireland Leannan River SAC Map
IE0002298 Ireland River Moy SAC Map
IE0002299 Ireland River Boyne and River Blackwater SAC Map
IE0002301 Ireland River Finn SAC Map
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NL1000015 Netherlands Haringvliet Map
NL2003021 Netherlands Hollands Diep Map
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PTZPE0001 Portugal Estuários dos Rios Minho e Coura Map
SE0330160 Sweden Emåns vattensystem i Kalmar län Map
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Protected sites

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Legal status

Legal text Annex Conditions More information
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007 (EU Habitats Directive) Except the Finnish populations http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm
Only in fresh water
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats (Bern Convention) http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cul.../bern/default_en.asp
Only in freshwater https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864

Resolution No. 6 (1998) of the Bern Convention lists the species requiring specific habitat conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming for the Emerald network]
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic ("OSPAR Convention") (OSPAR Convention) http://www.ospar.org/content...240000_000000_000000
Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki Convention) http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/species-and-habitats

Common names and synonyms

Common Name Language Reference
Alabalik atlantik Turkish Fishbase
Amerikanskiy atlanticheskiy losos' Russian Fishbase
An bradán Irish (recte Irish Gaelic) Fishbase
Atlanterhavslaks Danish Fishbase
Atlantischer salmón German Fishbase
Atlantisk laks Danish Fishbase
Black salmon English Fishbase
Bradan Irish (recte Irish Gaelic) Fishbase
Common Atlantic salmon English Fishbase
Drooggezouten gekruide zalm Dutch Fishbase
Echter Lachs German Fishbase
Grilse English Fishbase
Gullspångslax Swedish Fishbase
Hengst Dutch Fishbase
Hoplax Icelandic Fishbase
Ijle zalm Dutch Fishbase
Jacobzalm Dutch Fishbase
Kelt English Fishbase
Kutenut lohi Finnish Fishbase
Lachs German EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Laks Danish EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Laks Norwegian Fishbase
Laks atlantisk Norwegian Fishbase
Las German Fishbase
Lax Icelandic Fishbase
Lax Norwegian Fishbase
Lax Swedish EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Lohi Finnish Fishbase
Losos Polish Fishbase
Losos Russian Fishbase
Losos Serbian Fishbase
Losos obecný Czech Fishbase
Losos szlachetny a. atlantycki Polish Fishbase
N. Atlantic salmon English Fishbase
Nedfaldslaks Danish Fishbase
Parr English Fishbase
Salm German Fishbase
Salmao Portuguese Fishbase
Sãlmao-do-Atlântico Portuguese Fishbase
Salmling German Fishbase
Salmo Italian Fishbase
Salmon English Fishbase
Salmon Serbian Fishbase
Salmón Spanish EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Salmón del Atlántico Spanish Fishbase
Salmone Italian EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Salmone atlantico Italian Fishbase
Salmone del Reno Italian Fishbase
Salmone kipper Italian Fishbase
Saumon atlantique French EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Sea salmon English Fishbase
Semga Russian Fishbase
Silver salmon English Fishbase
Skællaks Danish Fishbase
Solomós Greek Fishbase
Somon de Atlantic Romanian Fishbase
Tacon Atlantique French Fishbase
Vraklax Swedish Fishbase
Zalm Dutch EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Synonym Author
Salmo brevipes Smitt, 1883
Salmo hamatus Cuvier, 1829
Salmo nobilis Pallas, 1814
Trutta salar Siebold, 1863
Salmo salmo Valenciennes, 1848
Salmo goedenii Bloch, 1784
Salmo salmulus Walbaum, 1792
Salmo caerulescens Schmidt, 1795
Salmo renatus Lacepède, 1803
Salmo rilla Lacepède, 1803
Salmo ocla Nilsson, 1832
Trutta relicta Malmgren, 1863
Salmo gracilis Couch, 1865
Salmo hardinii Günther, 1866
Salmo nobilis Olafsen, 1772
Salmo salar lacustris Hardin, 1862
Salmo salar saimensis Seppovaara, 1962
Salmo salar europaeus Payne, Child, & Forrest, 1971
Trutta salar (Linnaeus, 1758)
Salmo salar brevipes Smitt, 1882
Salmo salar brevipes relictus Berg, 1932
Salmo salar biennis Berg, 1912

Other resources

CoL (accepted name) Catalogue of Life
Fauna Europaea Fauna Europaea
FishBase FishBase
GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Habitats Directive Art. 17-2006 summary
ITIS (Valid name) Interagency Taxonomic Information System
NCBI search National Center for Biotechnology Information
PESI (Accepted) Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure
Wikipedia Wikipedia
WoRMS World Register of Marine Species

External data

No external data sets available for this species
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