EUNIS habitat classification 2017 > T - Forest and other wooded land > T3 - Coniferous forest > T35 - Temperate continental Pinus sylvestris forest > T351 - Caledonian forest

Caledonian forest

Description (English)

Relict, indigenous Scots pine forests of endemic Pinus sylvestris var. scotica, limited to the central and northeastern Grampians of Scotland. They are mostly open and have a ground layer usually rich in ericaceous species and mosses, in particular, Hylocomium splendens, and often harbouring, together with abundant Deschampsia flexuosa, Goodyera repens, Listera cordata, Corallorhiza trifida, Linnaea borealis, Trientalis europaea, Pyrola minor, Moneses uniflora, Orthilia secunda. Accompanying, dominated, tree species include Juniperus communis, Sorbus aucuparia, Betula pubescens, Betula pendula, Ilex aquifolium, Populus tremula.

Source: EUNIS habitat classification

Quick facts

EUNIS habitat type	code T351
Relation to	Resolution 4 habitat type (used for designation of Emerald sites)

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Legal text	Annex	Name in legal text	Code in legal text	Habitat type relationship	More information
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Caledonian forest	G3.41	Same	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Not available

Species mentioned in habitat description

Conifers Juniperus communis

Conifers Pinus sylvestris

Flowering Plants Betula pendula

Flowering Plants Betula pubescens

Flowering Plants Ilex aquifolium

Flowering Plants Populus tremula

Flowering Plants Sorbus aucuparia

Mosses & Liverworts Hylocomium splendens

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Juniperus communis		Conifers
Pinus sylvestris		Conifers
Betula pendula		Flowering Plants
Betula pubescens		Flowering Plants
Ilex aquifolium		Flowering Plants
Populus tremula		Flowering Plants
Sorbus aucuparia		Flowering Plants
Hylocomium splendens		Mosses & Liverworts

Other classifications

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 2007 (revised descriptions 2012)	G3.41	Caledonian forest	same

For relation to plant communities (syntaxa), see Vegetation types

History

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410	G3.41	Caledonian forest	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308	G3.41	Caledonian forest	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202	G3.41	Caledonian forest	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910	G3.41	Caledonian forest	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811	G3.41	Caledonian forest	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199712	G3.51	Caledonian forest	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 199905	42.51	Caledonian forest	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1997	42.51	Caledonian forest	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1996	42.51		same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1993	42.51		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1991	42.51		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1989	42.51		same

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