EUNIS habitat classification 2017 > U - Inland habitats with no or little soil and mostly with sparse vegetation > U3 - Inland cliffs, rock pavements and outcrops > U35 - Boreal and arctic base-rich inland cliff

Boreal and arctic base-rich inland cliff

Description (English)

Vegetated cliffs on base-rich (not ultramafic or salt-sprayed) bedrocks across the boreal region, including Scotland, and maybe Iceland. They are often rich in ferns, crustose lichens and, in sunless, damp situations, particularly in more oceanic areas, bryophytes.

Source: EUNIS habitat classification

Quick facts

EUNIS habitat type	code U35
Relation to	Resolution 4 habitat type (used for designation of Emerald sites)

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Legal text	Annex	Name in legal text	Code in legal text	Habitat type relationship	More information
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation	8210	Narrower	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs	H3.2	Narrower	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Not available

Indicator species

Diagnostic species

Constant species

Dominant species

Flowering Plants Poa alpigena

Flowering Plants Salix hastata

Flowering Plants Viola biflora

Flowering Plants Neottianthe cucullata

Ferns Equisetum scirpoides

Flowering Plants Geranium sylvaticum

Flowering Plants Thalictrum alpinum

Flowering Plants Linnaea borealis

Flowering Plants Campanula rotundifolia

Flowering Plants Salix myrtilloides

Ferns Equisetum pratense

Diagnostic species occur concentrated in the habitat in question, but are absent or rare in other habitats. They are good positive indicators of the habitat, but they do not need to occur in every location of the habitat.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Poa alpigena		Flowering Plants
Salix hastata		Flowering Plants
Viola biflora		Flowering Plants
Neottianthe cucullata		Flowering Plants
Equisetum scirpoides		Ferns
Geranium sylvaticum		Flowering Plants
Thalictrum alpinum		Flowering Plants
Linnaea borealis		Flowering Plants
Campanula rotundifolia		Flowering Plants
Salix myrtilloides		Flowering Plants
Equisetum pratense		Ferns

Flowering Plants Viola biflora

Flowering Plants Campanula rotundifolia

Flowering Plants Geranium sylvaticum

Flowering Plants Festuca ovina

Flowering Plants Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Flowering Plants Linnaea borealis

Flowering Plants Vaccinium myrtillus

Flowering Plants Trientalis europaea

Flowering Plants Thalictrum alpinum

Flowering Plants Solidago virgaurea

Flowering Plants Salix hastata

Flowering Plants Poa alpigena

Flowering Plants Melampyrum sylvaticum

Flowering Plants Luzula pilosa

Flowering Plants Avenella flexuosa

Constant species occur frequently in the habitat, but they may include generalist species that are also frequent in other habitats.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Viola biflora		Flowering Plants
Campanula rotundifolia		Flowering Plants
Geranium sylvaticum		Flowering Plants
Festuca ovina		Flowering Plants
Vaccinium vitis-idaea		Flowering Plants
Linnaea borealis		Flowering Plants
Vaccinium myrtillus		Flowering Plants
Trientalis europaea		Flowering Plants
Thalictrum alpinum		Flowering Plants
Solidago virgaurea		Flowering Plants
Salix hastata		Flowering Plants
Poa alpigena		Flowering Plants
Melampyrum sylvaticum		Flowering Plants
Luzula pilosa		Flowering Plants
Avenella flexuosa		Flowering Plants

Dominant species are those that often reach high cover in the habitat, thus determining the habitat physiognomy.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group

Please note that a maximum of 20 species of each indicator category is shown.

Other classifications

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 2007 (revised descriptions 2012)	H3.2	Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs	narrower
European Red List of Habitats	H3.2a	Boreal and arctic base-rich inland cliff	same

For relation to plant communities (syntaxa), see Vegetation types

History

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410	H3.2	Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308	H3.2	Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202	H3.2	Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910	H3.2	Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811	H3.2	Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199712	H3.1	Calcareous inland cliffs	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 199905	62.1	Vegetated calcareous inland cliffs	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1997	62.1	Vegetated calcareous inland cliffs	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1996	62.1		same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1993	62.1		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1991	62.1		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1989	62.1		same

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