Barren and/or boulder-scoured littoral cave walls and floors

Description (English)

Mid and upper shore mobile boulders/cobbles on cave floors and the lower reaches of cave walls which are subject to scour are generally devoid of macro-fauna and flora. However, where light is available around the cave entrances, encrusting coralline algae may cover the rock and boulder surfaces. In some instances they may support sparse fauna such as the limpet Patella spp. and the winkle Littorina saxatilis.
Situation: This biotope is situated on the floor, or at the base of cave walls, often with a zone of unit A1.449 above (where the scouring effect of boulders is less). In areas of extreme wave exposure this zone will extend high up the sides of the cave and in less wave-exposed conditions where the effects of scouring are reduced, some fauna may be present. At the entrances and 2-3 metres into upper shore caves, a zone of unit A1.113 may occur above the A1.44A, becoming a zone of A1.445 further into the cave. In mid shore caves, this unit is above by a zone of unit A1.449 (sparse fauna), and in caves on the lower shore, the surge-tolerant unit A1.4461 may occur above this zone.
Temporal variation: In calmer summer months cave mouths may have some ephemeral algae (e.g. Enteromorpha intestinalis) and a spat-fall of barnacles or limpets.

Source: EUNIS habitat classification