Crane - Grus grus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Quick facts
Threat status Europe | Least Concern (IUCN) |
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Protected by | EU Birds Directive and 5 other international agreements |
Natura 2000 sites | 1625 are designated for this species |
Natura 2000 species code | A127 |
Distribution
Threat and conservation status
Natura 2000 sites
Protected in the following Natura 2000 sites
Protected sites
Please note the site map takes a while to display.Legal status
Mentioned in the following international legal instruments and agreements
Common names and synonyms
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Crane | English | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Daru | Hungarian | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Dzerve | Latvian | Latvian NRC |
Grou-comum | Portuguese | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Gru | Italian | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Grue cendrée | French | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Grulla Común | Spanish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Kraanvogel | Dutch | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Kranich | German | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Kurki | Finnish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Trana | Swedish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Trane | Danish | EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC |
Trane | Norwegian | Direktoratet for Naturforvaltning |
Other resources
CoL (accepted name) | Catalogue of Life |
EBCC Atlas of breeding birds | European Bird Census Council's Atlas of Breeding Birds |
EURing code:04330 | European bird-ringing |
EoL | Encyclopedia of Life |
Fauna Europaea | Fauna Europaea |
GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility |
ITIS (Valid name) | Interagency Taxonomic Information System |
NCBI | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
PESI (Accepted) | Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure |
Species+ | Species+ by UNEP-WCMC |
Wikipedia | Wikipedia |
External data
Population distribution from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2
These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.
Country | Biogeographic region | Min / Max (Units) | Period | Status | Quality | Source | Published |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Armenia | 10/20 (pairs) | 1997-2002 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Azerbaijan | 0/200 (individuals) | 1996-2002 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Belarus | 800/1500 (pairs) | 1997-2002 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Belarus | 1500/2000 (pairs) | 1990 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Bulgaria | 0/9 (individuals) | 1997-2001 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Croatia | 100/1000 (individuals) | 2002 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Czech Republic | 9/13 (pairs) | 2000 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Czech Republic | Continental | 1/5 (pairs) | - | Breeding | No qualification | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
Denmark | 16/28 (pairs) | 1999-2001 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Denmark | 3/3 (pairs) | 1990 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Estonia | 1500/2000 (pairs) | 1998 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Estonia | Boreal | 600/700 (pairs) | - | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
Finland | 15000/20000 (pairs) | 1998-2002 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Finland | 4000/5000 (pairs) | 1992 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
France | 20000/28000 (individuals) | 1998-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
France | 1/3 (pairs) | 1996-2000 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
France | 1/1 (pairs) | 1990 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Georgia | 7/10 (pairs) | 1994-2002 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Germany | 3040/3110 (pairs) | 1995-1999 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Germany | 1300/1600 (pairs) | - | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Greece | 0/5 (individuals) | 1995-2000 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Hungary | 0/50 (individuals) | 1997-2001 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Italy | 10/120 (individuals) | 2002 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Latvia | 1000/2500 (pairs) | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Latvia | Boreal | 300/600 (pairs) | - | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
Lithuania | 900/1200 (pairs) | 1999-2001 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Lithuania | 0/49 (individuals) | 1992-2002 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Lithuania | Boreal | 200/300 (pairs) | 1985-1988 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
Luxembourg | 10/100 (individuals) | 2000-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Netherlands | 0/1 (pairs) | 1998-2000 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Norway | 1000/3000 (pairs) | 2002 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Norway | 1000/1500 (pairs) | 1990 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Poland | 10000/12000 (pairs) | 2001-2003 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Poland | 50/100 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Poland | 2300/2600 (pairs) | - | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Portugal | 2000/3200 (individuals) | 1990-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Romania | 1/5 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Romania | 0/2 (pairs) | 1990-2002 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Romania | 0/2 (pairs) | - | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Russian Federation | 25000/40000 (pairs) | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Russian Federation | 30000/50000 (pairs) | 1987 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Serbia and Montenegro | 0/1000 (individuals) | 1990-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Spain | 75000/82000 (individuals) | 1999-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Spain | 0/0 (pairs) | - | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Sweden | 15000/20000 (pairs) | 1999-2000 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Sweden | 10000/15000 (pairs) | 1987 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Turkey | 190/270 (pairs) | 2001 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Turkey | 900/1200 (individuals) | 1991-2001 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Turkey | 100/300 (pairs) | - | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Ukraine | 700/850 (pairs) | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Ukraine | 0/49 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Ukraine | 200/280 (pairs) | 1988 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
United Kingdom | 3/3 (pairs) | 1996-2000 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 |
Population trends from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2
These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.
Country | Biogeographic region | Period | Status | Trend | Quality | Source | Published |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Armenia | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Azerbaijan | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Belarus | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Belarus | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small decrease of 20-49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Bulgaria | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Croatia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Czech Republic | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Czech Republic | Continental | 1970-1990 | Breeding | New breeder within the period | No qualification | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |
Denmark | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Denmark | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small increase of 20-49% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Estonia | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing between 20% to 29% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Estonia | Boreal | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small decrease of 20-49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |
Finland | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing : 20 % | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Finland | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small decrease of 20-49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
France | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing between 50% to 79% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
France | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
France | 1970-1990 | Breeding | New breeder within the period | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Georgia | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Decreasing between 20% to 29% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Germany | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing between 30% to 49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Germany | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small increase of 20-49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Greece | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating : 80 % | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Hungary | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating : 80 % | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Italy | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating between 20% to 29% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Latvia | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing : 80 % | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Latvia | Boreal | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Large increase of at least 50% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |
Lithuania | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing between 50% to 79% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Lithuania | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Lithuania | Boreal | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small decrease of 20-49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |
Luxembourg | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing between 50% to 79% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Netherlands | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Norway | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing between 30% to 49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Norway | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small increase of 20-49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Poland | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing : 80 % | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Poland | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Poland | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small increase of 20-49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Portugal | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Romania | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Romania | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Fluctuating between 50% to 79% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Romania | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Stable, or change of less than 20% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Russian Federation | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Russian Federation | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small decrease of 20-49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Serbia and Montenegro | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating between 50% to 100% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Spain | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Spain | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Gone extinct within the period | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Sweden | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing between 10% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Sweden | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small increase of 20-49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Turkey | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Turkey | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Decreasing between 30% to 49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Turkey | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small decrease of 20-49% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Ukraine | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating between 30% to 49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Ukraine | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing between 20% to 29% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Ukraine | 1970-1990 | Breeding | Small decrease of 20-49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
United Kingdom | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Fluctuating : 300 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 |