Bewick's Swan - Cygnus columbianus (Ord, 1815)
Quick facts
Threat status Europe | Vulnerable (IUCN) |
---|---|
Protected by | 3 international agreements |
Distribution
Threat and conservation status
Legal status
Mentioned in the following international legal instruments and agreements
Legal text | Annex | Conditions | More information |
---|---|---|---|
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats (Bern Convention) | http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cul.../bern/default_en.asp | ||
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. (Bonn Convention) | All the species of the family Anatidae are concerned by Appendix II. | http://www.cms.int/ | |
Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds. Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals. (AEWA) |
http://www.cms.int/species/aewa/aew_bkrd.htm
http://www.unep-aewa.org/about/index.htm |
Common names and synonyms
![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() |
---|---|---|
Bewick's Swan | English | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Cigno minore | Italian | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Cisne Chico | Spanish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Cisne-pequeno | Portuguese | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Cygne de Bewick | French | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Kis hattyú | Hungarian | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Kleine Zwaan | Dutch | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Mindre sångsvan | Swedish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Pikkujoutsen | Finnish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
Zwergschwan | German | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() |
---|---|
Anas columbianus | Ord, 1815 |
Other resources
CoL (accepted name) | Catalogue of Life |
EURing code:01530 | European bird-ringing |
EoL | Encyclopedia of Life |
Fauna Europaea | Fauna Europaea |
GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility |
ITIS (Valid name) | Interagency Taxonomic Information System |
NCBI search | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
PESI (Accepted) | Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure |
Wikipedia | Wikipedia |
WoRMS | World Register of Marine Species |
External data
Population distribution from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2
These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.
Country | Biogeographic region | Min / Max (Units) | Period | Status | Quality | Source | Published |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | 0/2 (individuals) | 1995-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Armenia | 50/249 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Austria | 1/6 (individuals) | - | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Azerbaijan | 5/10 (individuals) | 1996-2002 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Belgium | 40/470 (individuals) | 1995-2000 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Belgium | 95/250 (individuals) | 1985-1991 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Bulgaria | 0/76 (individuals) | 1997-2001 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Bulgaria | 0/20 (individuals) | 1977-1989 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Cyprus | 14/14 (individuals) | 2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Czech Republic | Continental | 0/3 (individuals) | - | Wintering | No qualification | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
Denmark | 150/200 (individuals) | 1999-2000 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Denmark | 427/427 (individuals) | - | Wintering | No qualification | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Denmark - Greenland | 0/1 (pairs) | 1995-2000 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Estonia | 0/10 (individuals) | 1998 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Estonia | Boreal | 0/10 (individuals) | - | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
France | 45/100 (individuals) | 1998-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
France | 88/88 (individuals) | 1984 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Germany | 130/3200 (individuals) | 1995-2000 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Germany | 100/1500 (individuals) | 1986-1990 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Greece | 46/46 (individuals) | 2001 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Greece | Mediterranean | 0/10 (individuals) | 1987-1991 | Wintering | No qualification | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
Hungary | 0/49 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Ireland | 347/1034 (individuals) | 1994-2000 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Ireland | Atlantic | 2000/2500 (individuals) | - | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
Latvia | 0/10 (individuals) | 1990-1999 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Latvia | Boreal | 0/10 (individuals) | 1989 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
Lithuania | 1/1 (pairs) | 1997-2003 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Lithuania | Boreal | 5/10 (individuals) | 1990 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
Netherlands | 14000/14000 (individuals) | 1999-2001 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Netherlands | Atlantic | 3000/10000 (individuals) | 1979-1983 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
Norway | 22/56 (individuals) | 1991-1999 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Poland | 1/30 (individuals) | 1995-2000 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Poland | 0/80 (individuals) | - | Wintering | No qualification | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Romania | 1/6 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Romania | 0/4 (individuals) | - | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Russian Federation | 9000/11000 (pairs) | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Russian Federation | 0/100 (individuals) | - | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Slovakia | 0/4 (individuals) | 1990-1999 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Slovakia | 0/2 (individuals) | - | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Spain | 0/2 (individuals) | - | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Sweden | 0/10 (individuals) | 1998-2001 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Switzerland | 0/10 (individuals) | 1998-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Switzerland | 0/6 (individuals) | 1981-1991 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
Turkey | 80/160 (individuals) | 1991-2001 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Ukraine | 50/249 (individuals) | 1994 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
Ukraine | 30/50 (individuals) | 1988 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 | |
United Kingdom | 8200/8200 (individuals) | 1994-1999 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
United Kingdom | 6600/6600 (individuals) | 1988 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994-01-01 |
Population trends from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2
These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.
Country | Biogeographic region | Period | Status | Trend | Quality | Source | Published |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Decreasing : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Armenia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Austria | 1970-1990 | Wintering | New breeder within the period | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Azerbaijan | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Belgium | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Belgium | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Small increase of 20-49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Bulgaria | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Bulgaria | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Small increase of 20-49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Cyprus | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing but of unknown magnitude | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Czech Republic | Continental | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Information not available | Information not available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |
Denmark | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Denmark | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Information not available | Information not available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Denmark - Greenland | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Estonia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing but of unknown magnitude | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Estonia | Boreal | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Stable, or change of less than 20% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |
France | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
France | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Small increase of 20-49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Germany | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Germany | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Stable, or change of less than 20% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Greece | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Greece | Mediterranean | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Information not available | Information not available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |
Hungary | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating : 80 % | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Ireland | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Decreasing between 50% to 79% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Ireland | Atlantic | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Small decrease of 20-49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |
Latvia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Latvia | Boreal | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Fluctuating with changes of at least 20%, but no clear trend | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |
Lithuania | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Lithuania | Boreal | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Small increase of 20-49% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |
Netherlands | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Decreasing : 49 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Netherlands | Atlantic | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Fluctuating with changes of at least 20%, but no clear trend | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |
Norway | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Poland | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Poland | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Information not available | Information not available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Romania | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Romania | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Fluctuating with changes of at least 20%, but no clear trend | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Russian Federation | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing between 20% to 29% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Russian Federation | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Fluctuating with changes of at least 20%, but no clear trend | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Slovakia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Slovakia | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Information not available | Information not available | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Spain | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Fluctuating with changes of at least 20%, but no clear trend | No qualification | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Sweden | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Switzerland | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Switzerland | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Stable, or change of less than 20% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
Turkey | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Ukraine | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing between 20% to 29% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
Ukraine | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Small increase of 20-49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 | |
United Kingdom | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable : 3 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
United Kingdom | 1970-1990 | Wintering | Small increase of 20-49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) | 1994 |