Wigeon - Anas penelope Linnaeus, 1758
Quick facts
| Threat status Europe | Least Concern (IUCN) |
|---|---|
| Protected by | EU Birds Directive and 3 other international agreements |
| Natura 2000 sites | 1154 are designated for this species |
| Breeding habitats |
|
| Wintering habitats |
|
| Natura 2000 species code | A050 |
Distribution
The distribution map is currently disabled. A new map solution will soon become available. In the meantime, please consult other species distribution map providers listed in the Other resources panel below.
Threat and conservation status
Natura 2000 sites
Protected in the following Natura 2000 sites
Protected sites
Please note the site map takes a while to display.Legal status
Mentioned in the following international legal instruments and agreements
| Legal text | Annex | Conditions | More information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 30 November 2009, on the conservation of wild birds (EU Birds Directive) | http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm | ||
| Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats (Bern Convention) | (All species of Birds not included in Appendix II) | http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cul.../bern/default_en.asp | |
| Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. (Bonn Convention) | (Migratory species of Anatidae) | http://www.cms.int/ | |
| Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds. Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals. (AEWA) |
http://www.migratoryspecies....ent/about-cms-family
http://www.unep-aewa.org/en/legalinstrument/aewa |
Common names and synonyms
Common Name
 |
Language
|
Reference
|
|---|---|---|
| Bläsand | Swedish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Canard siffleur | French | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Fischione | Italian | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Haapana | Finnish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Hvízdák eurasijský | Czech | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Pfeifente | German | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Piadeira | Portuguese | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Silbón Europeo | Spanish | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| Smient | Dutch | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
| swistun | Polish | Polish NRC |
| Wigeon | English | Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. |
|
Synonym
|
Author
|
|---|---|
| Mareca penelope | (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Other resources
| CoL (accepted name) | Catalogue of Life |
| EBCC Atlas of breeding birds | European Bird Census Council's Atlas of Breeding Birds |
| EURing code:01790 | European bird-ringing |
| EoL | Encyclopedia of Life |
| Fauna Europaea | Fauna Europaea |
| GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility |
| ITIS (Valid name) | Interagency Taxonomic Information System |
| NCBI search | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| PESI (Accepted) | Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure |
| Wikipedia | Wikipedia |
| WoRMS | World Register of Marine Species |
External data
Population distribution from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2
These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.
1
| Country | Biogeographic region | Min / Max (Units) | Period | Status | Quality | Source | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 10774/51984 (individuals) | 1995-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Armenia | 250/999 (individuals) | 1997-2002 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Austria | 119/628 (individuals) | 1997-1999 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Azerbaijan | 50000/200000 (individuals) | 1996-2002 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Belarus | 0/49 (individuals) | 1991-2000 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Belgium | 4/4 (pairs) | 2000-2002 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Belgium | 44700/107350 (individuals) | 1995-2000 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 65/100 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Bulgaria | 219/2797 (individuals) | 1997-2001 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Croatia | 1000/5000 (individuals) | 2002 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Cyprus | 200/800 (individuals) | 1994-2002 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Czech Republic | 10/100 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Czech Republic | Present/Present (pairs) | 2000 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Denmark | 0/2 (pairs) | 1998-2001 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Denmark | 28000/30000 (individuals) | 1999-2000 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Estonia | 50/100 (pairs) | 1998 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Estonia | 0/5 (individuals) | 1998 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Finland | 50000/70000 (pairs) | 1999-2001 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| France | 37337/60000 (individuals) | 1998-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Germany | 8/14 (pairs) | 1995-1999 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Germany | 40000/210000 (individuals) | 1995-2000 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Greece | 50000/80000 (individuals) | 1995-1999 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Hungary | 30/300 (individuals) | 1997-1998 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Iceland | 500/2000 (individuals) | 1978-1994 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Iceland | 4000/6000 (pairs) | 1978-1994 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Ireland | 1/3 (pairs) | 1988-1991 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Ireland | 64541/79835 (individuals) | 1994-2000 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Italy | 40000/100000 (individuals) | 2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Latvia | 0/10 (individuals) | 1990-1999 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Latvia | 10/100 (pairs) | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Luxembourg | 10/20 (individuals) | 2000-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Macedonia (FYR) | 139/983 (individuals) | 1997-1999 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Moldova, Republic of | 20/200 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Netherlands | 20/30 (pairs) | 1998-2000 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Netherlands | 810000/810000 (individuals) | 1999-2001 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Norway | 500/2000 (individuals) | 1993-1996 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Norway | 5000/8000 (pairs) | 1990-2003 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Poland | 5/10 (pairs) | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Poland | 50/249 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Portugal | 3150/19100 (individuals) | 1996-2001 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Romania | 500/1500 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Russian Federation | 220000/230000 (pairs) | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Serbia and Montenegro | 1500/5000 (individuals) | 1990-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Slovakia | 1/45 (individuals) | 1995-1999 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Slovenia | 550/1200 (individuals) | 1995-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Spain | 20338/123781 (individuals) | 1990-2001 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Sweden | 5000/8000 (individuals) | 1998-2001 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Sweden | 20000/50000 (pairs) | 1999-2000 | Breeding | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Switzerland | 900/1550 (individuals) | 1998-2002 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Turkey | 45000/60000 (individuals) | 1991-2001 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Ukraine | 5/10 (pairs) | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| Ukraine | 2500/9999 (individuals) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| United Kingdom | 300/500 (pairs) | 1988-1991 | Breeding | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 | |
| United Kingdom | 426000/426000 (individuals) | 1994-1999 | Wintering | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004-01-01 |
Population trends from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2
These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.
1
| Country | Biogeographic region | Period | Status | Trend | Quality | Source | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Armenia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Austria | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Azerbaijan | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Decreasing : 80 % | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Belarus | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Belgium | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Belgium | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Bulgaria | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Croatia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Cyprus | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 9% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Czech Republic | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Czech Republic | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Denmark | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Denmark | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Estonia | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Estonia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Finland | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Decreasing : 20 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| France | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating between 30% to 49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Germany | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating between 50% to 79% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Germany | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Increasing between 30% to 49% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Greece | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Hungary | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating : 80 % | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Iceland | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Iceland | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Ireland | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Ireland | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Italy | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Latvia | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Latvia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Luxembourg | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Macedonia (FYR) | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Moldova, Republic of | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing between 20% to 29% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Netherlands | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Fluctuating : 693 % | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Netherlands | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Norway | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Norway | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Poland | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Poland | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Portugal | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Romania | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Russian Federation | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Serbia and Montenegro | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating between 10% to 29% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Slovakia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Unknown | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Slovenia | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Fluctuating between 20% to 29% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Spain | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Decreasing between 50% to 79% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Sweden | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing : 80 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Sweden | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Switzerland | 1990-2000 | Wintering | increasing between 60% to 114% | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Turkey | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Ukraine | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| Ukraine | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Decreasing between 0% to 9% | Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| United Kingdom | 1990-2000 | Wintering | Increasing : 15 % | Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 | |
| United Kingdom | 1990-2000 | Breeding | Stable between 0% to 19% | Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available | Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) | 2004 |
