Kingdom: Animalia > Phylum: Chordata > Class: Aves > Order: Falconiformes > Family: Accipitridae > Genus: Aquila > Species: Aquila pomarina

Lesser Spotted Eagle - Aquila pomarina Brehm, 1831

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Quick facts

Threat status Europe Least Concern (IUCN)
Protected by EU Birds Directive and 6 other international agreements
Natura 2000 sites 469 are designated for this species
Breeding habitats
  • grassland
  • woodland and forest

Distribution

The distribution map is currently disabled. A new map solution will soon become available. In the meantime, please consult other species distribution map providers listed in the Other resources panel below.

Threat and conservation status

IUCN Red List status of threatened species

The IUCN Red List threat status assesses the risk of extinction.

IUCN Red List Category
Not Evaluated
Near Threatened
Regionally Extinct
Not Applicable
Vulnerable
Extinct in the Wild
Data Deficient
Endangered
Extinct
Least Concern
Critically Endangered

EU conservation status

The EU conservation status is assessed for species mentioned in the EU Habitats Directive annexes. The EU Habitats Directive does not cover this species.

Natura 2000 sites

Protected in the following Natura 2000 sites

Sitecode Country Site name Action
DE2746401 Germany Uckermärkische Seenlandschaft Map
DE2935401 Germany Aland-Elbe-Niederung Map
DE2948401 Germany Schorfheide-Chorin Map
DE2951401 Germany Unteres Odertal Map
DE3239401 Germany Untere Havel/Sachsen-Anhalt und Schollener See Map
DE3334401 Germany Milde-Niederung/Altmark Map
DE3437401 Germany Elbaue Jerichow Map
DE3532401 Germany Vogelschutzgebiet Drömling Map
DE3930301 Germany Fallsteingebiet nördlich Osterwieck Map
DE4134401 Germany Hakel Map
DE4137401 Germany Wulfener Bruch und Teichgebiet Osternienburg Map
DE4139401 Germany Mittlere Elbe einschließlich Steckby-Lödderitzer Forst Map
DE4236401 Germany Auenwald Plötzkau Map
DE4244401 Germany Vogelschutzgebiet Annaburger Heide Map
DE4531401 Germany Helmestausee Berga-Kelbra (Anteil Sachsen-Anhalt) Map
DE4531403 Germany Kyffhäuser - Badraer Schweiz - Helmestausee Map
DE4638401 Germany Saale-Elster-Aue südlich Halle Map
ES0000024 Spain Doñana Map
ES0000337 Spain Estrecho Map
FR4110060 France Etang de Lachaussée et zones voisines Map
FR4112008 France Vallée de la Meuse Map
FR4310112 France Bassin du Drugeon Map
FR9110080 France Montagne de la Clape Map
FR9310019 France Camargue Map
HUAN10001 Hungary Aggteleki-karszt Map
HUBN10002 Hungary Borsodi-sík Map
HUBN10003 Hungary Bükk-hegység és peremterületei Map
HUBN10004 Hungary Hevesi-sík Map
HUBN10005 Hungary Kesznyéten Map
HUBN10006 Hungary Mátra Map
HUBN10007 Hungary Zempléni-hegység a Szerencsi-dombsággal és a Hernád-völggyel Map
HUDD10005 Hungary Kisszékelyi-dombság Map
HUDD10007 Hungary Mecsek Map
HUDD10012 Hungary Balatoni berkek Map
HUDI10002 Hungary Börzsöny és Visegrádi-hegység Map
HUDI10008 Hungary Ipoly völgye Map
HUHN10002 Hungary Hortobágy Map
HUHN10003 Hungary Bihar Map
HUKM10001 Hungary Kígyósi-puszta Map
HUKM10002 Hungary Kis-Sárrét Map
HUKM10003 Hungary Dévaványai-sík Map
HUKM10004 Hungary Hódmezővásárhely környéki és csanádi-háti puszták Map
HUKM10005 Hungary Cserebökényi-puszták Map
IT1110079 Italy La Mandria Map
IT3320037 Italy Laguna di Marano e Grado Map
IT4020017 Italy Aree delle risorgive di Viarolo, Bacini di Torrile, Fascia golenale del Po Map
IT4020021 Italy Medio Taro Map
IT4050022 Italy Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Medicina e Molinella Map
IT4060001 Italy Valli di Argenta Map
IT4060015 Italy Bosco della Mesola, Bosco Panfilia, Bosco di Santa Giustina, Valle Falce, La Goara Map
IT4070001 Italy Punte Alberete, Valle Mandriole Map
IT5320007 Italy Monte Conero Map
IT6040015 Italy Parco Nazionale del Circeo Map
ITA010003 Italy Isola di Levanzo Map
ITA010007 Italy Saline di Trapani Map
ITA030011 Italy Dorsale Curcuraci, Antennamare Map
ITA050001 Italy Biviere e Macconi di Gela Map
ITA090006 Italy Saline di Siracusa e Fiume Ciane Map
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PLB060014 Poland Uroczysko Mosty-Zahajki Map
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IT2060016 Italy Valpredina e Misma Map
LV0509800 Latvia Niedraju-Pilkas purvs Map
LTKEDB003 Lithuania Dotnuvos - Josvainių miškai Map
BG0002040 Bulgaria Strandzha Map
ITA050011 Italy Torre Manfria Map
BG0002094 Bulgaria Adata - Tundzha Map
BG0002031 Bulgaria Stenata Map
BG0002101 Bulgaria Meshtitsa Map
BG0002058 Bulgaria Sinite kamani - Grebenets Map
LV0524500 Latvia Runupes ieleja Map
LV0502800 Latvia Zalezera purvs Map
BG0002106 Bulgaria Yazovir Ivaylovgrad Map
PLB200006 Poland Ostoja Biebrzańska Map
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BG0002088 Bulgaria Mikre Map
PLB320012 Poland Puszcza Goleniowska Map
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BG0000273 Bulgaria Burgasko ezero Map
PLB060018 Poland Dolina Szyszły Map
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BG0002081 Bulgaria Maritsa - Parvomay Map
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Legal status

Legal text Annex Conditions More information
Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 30 November 2009, on the conservation of wild birds (EU Birds Directive) http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats (Bern Convention) (All species of Falconiformes) http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cul.../bern/default_en.asp
https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864

Resolution No. 6 (1998) of the Bern Convention lists the species requiring specific habitat conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming for the Emerald network]
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. (Bonn Convention) (Migratory species of Accipitridae) http://www.cms.int/
Memorandum of understanding on the conservation of migratory birds of prey in Africa and Eurasia - under Bonn Convention (MoU Raptors) http://www.cms.int/raptors/
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (Falconiformes spp.) http://www.cites.org/eng
Commission regulation (EU) No 1320/2014, of 1 December 2014, amending Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein (EU regulation of trade of fauna and flora) http://ec.europa.eu/environm...s/legislation_en.htm

Common names and synonyms

Common Name Language Reference
Águia-pomarina Portuguese Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Aguila Pomerana Spanish Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Aigle pomarin French Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Aquila anatraia minore Italian Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Békászó sas Hungarian Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Lesser Spotted Eagle English Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Lille skrigeørn Danish EC-DGXI.d2, ETC/NC
Mazais erglis Latvian Latvian NRC
Mindre skrikörn Swedish Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Orlik krzykliwy Polish Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Pikkukiljukotka Finnish Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Schreeuwarend Dutch Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.
Schreiadler German Hagemeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J.

Other resources

Bird action plan
CoL (accepted name) Catalogue of Life
EBCC Atlas of breeding birds European Bird Census Council's Atlas of Breeding Birds
EURing code:02920 European bird-ringing
EoL Encyclopedia of Life
Fauna Europaea Fauna Europaea
GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility
ITIS (Valid name) Interagency Taxonomic Information System
NCBI search National Center for Biotechnology Information
PESI (Accepted) Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure
Species+ Species+ by UNEP-WCMC
Wikipedia Wikipedia

External data

Population distribution from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2

These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.

43 items found, displaying all items.1
Country Biogeographic region Min / Max (Units) Period Status Quality Source Published
Albania 2/10 (pairs) 1996-2002 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Albania 5/20 (pairs) - Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Armenia 20/30 (pairs) 1999-2002 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Azerbaijan 0/10 (individuals) 1996-2002 Wintering Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Azerbaijan 20/100 (pairs) 1996-2000 Breeding Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Belarus 3200/3800 (pairs) 1997-2002 Breeding Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Belarus 3000/3500 (pairs) 1990 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Bulgaria 120/200 (pairs) 1996-2002 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Bulgaria 60/120 (pairs) - Breeding Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Croatia 60/70 (pairs) 2002 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Croatia 150/250 (pairs) - Breeding No qualification Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Czech Republic Present/Present (pairs) 2000 Breeding Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Czech Republic Continental 3/6 (pairs) - Breeding Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Estonia 480/600 (pairs) 1998 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Estonia Boreal 150/200 (pairs) - Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Georgia 10/70 (pairs) 1994-2003 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Germany 134/143 (pairs) 1995-1999 Breeding Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Germany 100/100 (pairs) - Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Greece 67/90 (pairs) 1997 Breeding Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Greece Mediterranean 50/80 (pairs) - Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Hungary 30/60 (pairs) 1995-2002 Breeding Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Hungary Pannonian 90/150 (pairs) 1991 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Latvia 2848/5180 (pairs) 1990-2000 Breeding Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Latvia Boreal 800/1500 (pairs) - Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Lithuania 900/1200 (pairs) 1999-2001 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Lithuania Boreal 300/500 (pairs) 1985-1988 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Macedonia (FYR) 3/10 (pairs) 1999-2000 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Moldova, Republic of 2/5 (pairs) 1990-2000 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Moldova, Republic of 7/12 (pairs) 1990 Breeding Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Poland 1700/1900 (pairs) 1998 Breeding Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Poland 1100/1300 (pairs) - Breeding Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Romania 2500/2800 (pairs) 1996-2002 Breeding Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Romania 80/200 (pairs) - Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Russian Federation 300/400 (pairs) 1996-2000 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Russian Federation 50/200 (pairs) - Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Serbia and Montenegro 20/25 (pairs) 1997-2002 Breeding Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Slovakia 800/900 (pairs) 1990-1999 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Slovakia 500/600 (pairs) - Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Slovenia 2/4 (pairs) 1999-2000 Breeding Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Turkey 80/120 (pairs) 2001 Breeding Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Turkey 30/500 (pairs) - Breeding Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Ukraine 500/1000 (pairs) 1990-2000 Breeding Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004-01-01
Ukraine 200/250 (pairs) 1989 Breeding Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994-01-01
Source: BirdLife International

Population trends from "Birds in Europe" editions 1 and 2

These publications present a thorough and detailed review of the conservation status of European birds. Based on detailed breeding and wintering population data collected in each country, the report provides a review of the population sizes and trends of Species of European Conservation Concern.

43 items found, displaying all items.1
Country Biogeographic region Period Status Trend Quality Source Published
Albania 1990-2000 Breeding Unknown Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Albania 1970-1990 Breeding Small decrease of 20-49% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Armenia 1990-2000 Breeding Decreasing between 0% to 19% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Azerbaijan 1990-2000 Wintering Stable between 0% to 19% Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Azerbaijan 1990-2000 Breeding Stable between 0% to 19% Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Belarus 1990-2000 Breeding Stable between 0% to 19% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Belarus 1970-1990 Breeding Stable, or change of less than 20% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Bulgaria 1990-2000 Breeding Increasing between 30% to 49% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Bulgaria 1970-1990 Breeding Small decrease of 20-49% Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Croatia 1990-2000 Breeding Decreasing : 80 % Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Croatia 1970-1990 Breeding Stable, or change of less than 20% No qualification Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Czech Republic 1990-2000 Breeding Unknown Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Czech Republic Continental 1970-1990 Breeding Small increase of 20-49% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Estonia 1990-2000 Breeding Stable between 0% to 19% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Estonia Boreal 1970-1990 Breeding Stable, or change of less than 20% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Georgia 1990-2000 Breeding Increasing Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Germany 1990-2000 Breeding Decreasing between 0% to 19% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Germany 1970-1990 Breeding Stable, or change of less than 20% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Greece 1990-2000 Breeding Decreasing between 0% to 19% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Greece Mediterranean 1970-1990 Breeding Small decrease of 20-49% Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Hungary 1990-2000 Breeding Decreasing between 50% to 79% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Hungary Pannonian 1970-1990 Breeding Stable, or change of less than 20% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Latvia 1990-2000 Breeding Decreasing between 0% to 19% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Latvia Boreal 1970-1990 Breeding Small increase of 20-49% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Lithuania 1990-2000 Breeding Increasing between 20% to 29% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Lithuania Boreal 1970-1990 Breeding Stable, or change of less than 20% Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Macedonia (FYR) 1990-2000 Breeding Stable between 0% to 19% Species poorly known, with no quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Moldova, Republic of 1990-2000 Breeding Decreasing between 30% to 49% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Moldova, Republic of 1970-1990 Breeding Small decrease of 20-49% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Poland 1990-2000 Breeding Stable between 0% to 19% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Poland 1970-1990 Breeding Stable, or change of less than 20% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Romania 1990-2000 Breeding Stable between 0% to 19% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Romania 1970-1990 Breeding Small decrease of 20-49% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Russian Federation 1990-2000 Breeding Increasing between 20% to 29% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Russian Federation 1970-1990 Breeding Stable, or change of less than 20% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Serbia and Montenegro 1990-2000 Breeding Decreasing between 0% to 19% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Slovakia 1990-2000 Breeding Stable between 0% to 19% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Slovakia 1970-1990 Breeding Stable, or change of less than 20% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Slovenia 1990-2000 Breeding Stable between 0% to 19% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Turkey 1990-2000 Breeding Decreasing between 20% to 29% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Turkey 1970-1990 Breeding Information not available Information not available Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Ukraine 1990-2000 Breeding Increasing between 0% to 19% Species generally well known, but only poor or incomplete quantitative data available Birds in Europe 2 (1990-2000) 2004
Ukraine 1970-1990 Breeding Stable, or change of less than 20% Reliable quantitative data (e.g. atlas survey or monitoring data, etc.) are available for the whole period and region in question Birds in Europe 1 (1970-1990) 1994
Source: BirdLife International
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