Perennial rocky grassland of Central and South-Eastern Europe
Description (English)
Open grassland generally dominated by perennial grasses with rich mixtures of associated rosette herbs, mat-formers and geophytes, and especially towards Southern Europe, annuals. It occurs on shallow, impoverished soils over both calcareous and siliceous bedrocks, through the lowlands and submontane zone of Central and Southern Europe, best developed on steeper ground unsuited for agriculture, but extended where forest clearance and grazing, particularly by goats, have been part of traditional farming.
Source: EUNIS habitat classification
Quick facts
| EUNIS habitat type | code R16 |
|---|---|
| Relation to | Resolution 4 habitat type (used for designation of Emerald sites) |
Legal status
Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments
Vegetation types
Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)
Not availableIndicator species
Flowering Plants
Festuca pallens
Flowering Plants
Potentilla incana
Flowering Plants
Seseli osseum
Flowering Plants
Euphorbia cyparissias
Flowering Plants
Jovibarba globifera
Flowering Plants
Teucrium montanum
Flowering Plants
Asperula cynanchica
Flowering Plants
Anthericum ramosum
Flowering Plants
Carex humilis
Flowering Plants
Allium senescens
Diagnostic species occur concentrated in the habitat in question, but are absent or rare in other habitats. They are good positive indicators of the habitat, but they do not need to occur in every location of the habitat.
| Species scientific name | English common name | Species group |
|---|---|---|
| Festuca pallens | Flowering Plants | |
| Potentilla incana | Flowering Plants | |
| Seseli osseum | Flowering Plants | |
| Euphorbia cyparissias | Flowering Plants | |
| Jovibarba globifera | Flowering Plants | |
| Teucrium montanum | Flowering Plants | |
| Asperula cynanchica | Flowering Plants | |
| Anthericum ramosum | Flowering Plants | |
| Carex humilis | Flowering Plants | |
| Allium senescens | Flowering Plants |
Flowering Plants
Euphorbia cyparissias
Flowering Plants
Teucrium chamaedrys
Flowering Plants
Asperula cynanchica
Flowering Plants
Teucrium montanum
Flowering Plants
Carex humilis
Flowering Plants
Sanguisorba minor
Flowering Plants
Helianthemum nummularium
Flowering Plants
Stachys recta
Flowering Plants
Festuca pallens
Flowering Plants
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
Flowering Plants
Sedum album
Flowering Plants
Melica ciliata
Flowering Plants
Thymus praecox
Flowering Plants
Potentilla incana
Flowering Plants
Centaurea stoebe
Flowering Plants
Anthericum ramosum
Flowering Plants
Anthyllis vulneraria
Flowering Plants
Sesleria caerulea
Flowering Plants
Pilosella officinarum
Constant species occur frequently in the habitat, but they may include generalist species that are also frequent in other habitats.
| Species scientific name | English common name | Species group |
|---|---|---|
| Euphorbia cyparissias | Flowering Plants | |
| Teucrium chamaedrys | Flowering Plants | |
| Asperula cynanchica | Flowering Plants | |
| Teucrium montanum | Flowering Plants | |
| Carex humilis | Flowering Plants | |
| Sanguisorba minor | Flowering Plants | |
| Helianthemum nummularium | Flowering Plants | |
| Stachys recta | Flowering Plants | |
| Festuca pallens | Flowering Plants | |
| Vincetoxicum hirundinaria | Flowering Plants | |
| Sedum album | Flowering Plants | |
| Melica ciliata | Flowering Plants | |
| Thymus praecox | Flowering Plants | |
| Potentilla incana | Flowering Plants | |
| Centaurea stoebe | Flowering Plants | |
| Anthericum ramosum | Flowering Plants | |
| Anthyllis vulneraria | Flowering Plants | |
| Sesleria caerulea | Flowering Plants | |
| Pilosella officinarum | Flowering Plants |
Flowering Plants
Carex humilis
Flowering Plants
Festuca pallens
Dominant species are those that often reach high cover in the habitat, thus determining the habitat physiognomy.
| Species scientific name | English common name | Species group |
|---|---|---|
| Carex humilis | Flowering Plants | |
| Festuca pallens | Flowering Plants |
Other classifications
| Classification | Code | Habitat type name | Relationship type |
|---|---|---|---|
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 2007 (revised descriptions 2012) | E1.1 | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | narrower |
| European Red List of Habitats | E1.1g | Perennial rocky grassland of Central Europe and the Carpathians | same |
History
| Classification | Code | Habitat type name | Relationship type | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410 | E1.1 | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | same | |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308 | E1.1 | Open thermophile pioneer vegetation of sandy or detritic ground | same | |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202 | E1.1 | Open thermophile pioneer vegetation of sandy or detritic ground | same | |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910 | E1.1 | Open thermophile pioneer vegetation of sandy or detritic ground | same | |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811 | E1.1 | Open thermophile grasslands of sandy or detritic ground | same | |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 199712 | E1.3 | Open thermophile grasslands of sandy or detritic ground | same | |
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 199905 | 34.1 | Middle European pioneer swards | same | |
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1997 | 34.1 | Middle European pioneer swards | same | |
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1996 | 34.1 | same | ||
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1993 | 34.1 | same | ||
| CORINE Biotopes Classification 1991 | 34.1 | same | ||
| CORINE Biotopes Classification 1989 | 34.1 | same |
