EUNIS habitat classification 2017 > T - Forest and other wooded land > T1 - Deciduous broadleaved forest > T1E - Carpinus and Quercus mesic deciduous forest

Carpinus and Quercus mesic deciduous forest

Description (English)

Deciduous broadleaved forests typical of brown or grey soils of quite low to high base-status and moderate to high nutrient content. They occur across the lowlands and foothills of the temperate zone of Western, Central, Eastern and Southern Europe, with local extensions into regions characterised by submediterranean and boreal climate. Partially this includes alluvial Quercus/Carpinus-dominated forests in mountain valleys with infrequent inundation. The canopy is usually of mixed composition with oaks figuring prominently, notably Quercus petraea and Quercus robur but with regional contributions from other oaks, along with Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata, Tilia tomentosa and Ulmus glabra. Non-riparian and non-ravine forests of Acer platanoides, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata and Ulmus glabra (without Quercus species and Carpinus betulus) also belong to this habitat. The canopy can have a complex, multi-layered structure including shrubs and lianas while the herb layer can be species-rich with much regional variation in composition.

Source: EUNIS habitat classification

Quick facts

EUNIS habitat type	code T1E
Relation to	Resolution 4 habitat type (used for designation of Emerald sites)

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Legal text	Annex	Name in legal text	Code in legal text	Habitat type relationship	More information
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus) rich in epiphytes	9020	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli	9160	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests	9170	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	* Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus	91G0	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-carpinion)	91L0	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Dacian oak & hornbeam forests	91Y0	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Not available

Indicator species

Diagnostic species

Constant species

Dominant species

Flowering Plants Carpinus betulus

Flowering Plants Acer campestre

Flowering Plants Polygonatum multiflorum

Flowering Plants Corylus avellana

Flowering Plants Prunus avium

Flowering Plants Tilia cordata

Flowering Plants Quercus robur

Flowering Plants Quercus petraea

Flowering Plants Stellaria holostea

Flowering Plants Rosa arvensis

Flowering Plants Fraxinus excelsior

Flowering Plants Crataegus laevigata

Flowering Plants Carex sylvatica

Flowering Plants Carex pilosa

Diagnostic species occur concentrated in the habitat in question, but are absent or rare in other habitats. They are good positive indicators of the habitat, but they do not need to occur in every location of the habitat.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Carpinus betulus		Flowering Plants
Acer campestre		Flowering Plants
Polygonatum multiflorum		Flowering Plants
Corylus avellana		Flowering Plants
Prunus avium		Flowering Plants
Tilia cordata		Flowering Plants
Quercus robur		Flowering Plants
Quercus petraea		Flowering Plants
Stellaria holostea		Flowering Plants
Rosa arvensis		Flowering Plants
Fraxinus excelsior		Flowering Plants
Crataegus laevigata		Flowering Plants
Carex sylvatica		Flowering Plants
Carex pilosa		Flowering Plants

Flowering Plants Carpinus betulus

Flowering Plants Corylus avellana

Flowering Plants Hedera helix

Flowering Plants Quercus robur

Flowering Plants Crataegus monogyna

Flowering Plants Rubus fruticosus

Flowering Plants Fraxinus excelsior

Flowering Plants Acer campestre

Flowering Plants Quercus petraea

Flowering Plants Fagus sylvatica

Flowering Plants Brachypodium sylvaticum

Flowering Plants Viola reichenbachiana

Flowering Plants Prunus avium

Flowering Plants Geum urbanum

Flowering Plants Stellaria holostea

Flowering Plants Anemone nemorosa

Flowering Plants Polygonatum multiflorum

Flowering Plants Ligustrum vulgare

Flowering Plants Cornus sanguinea

Constant species occur frequently in the habitat, but they may include generalist species that are also frequent in other habitats.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Carpinus betulus		Flowering Plants
Corylus avellana		Flowering Plants
Hedera helix		Flowering Plants
Quercus robur		Flowering Plants
Crataegus monogyna		Flowering Plants
Rubus fruticosus		Flowering Plants
Fraxinus excelsior		Flowering Plants
Acer campestre		Flowering Plants
Quercus petraea		Flowering Plants
Fagus sylvatica		Flowering Plants
Brachypodium sylvaticum		Flowering Plants
Viola reichenbachiana		Flowering Plants
Prunus avium		Flowering Plants
Geum urbanum		Flowering Plants
Stellaria holostea		Flowering Plants
Anemone nemorosa		Flowering Plants
Polygonatum multiflorum		Flowering Plants
Ligustrum vulgare		Flowering Plants
Cornus sanguinea		Flowering Plants

Flowering Plants Carpinus betulus

Flowering Plants Quercus robur

Flowering Plants Quercus petraea

Flowering Plants Hedera helix

Flowering Plants Fraxinus excelsior

Flowering Plants Corylus avellana

Flowering Plants Rubus fruticosus

Flowering Plants Tilia cordata

Flowering Plants Anemone nemorosa

Flowering Plants Castanea sativa

Dominant species are those that often reach high cover in the habitat, thus determining the habitat physiognomy.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Carpinus betulus		Flowering Plants
Quercus robur		Flowering Plants
Quercus petraea		Flowering Plants
Hedera helix		Flowering Plants
Fraxinus excelsior		Flowering Plants
Corylus avellana		Flowering Plants
Rubus fruticosus		Flowering Plants
Tilia cordata		Flowering Plants
Anemone nemorosa		Flowering Plants
Castanea sativa		Flowering Plants

Please note that a maximum of 20 species of each indicator category is shown.

Other classifications

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 2007 (revised descriptions 2012)	G1.A	Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus and related woodland	narrower
European Red List of Habitats	G1.Aa	Carpinus and Quercus mesic deciduous woodland	same

For relation to plant communities (syntaxa), see Vegetation types

History

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410	G1.A	Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus and related woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308	G1.A	Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus and related woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202	G1.A	Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus and related woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910	G1.A	Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus and related woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811	G1.A	Woodland with Castanea sativa, Carpinus betulus, Tilia or Sorbus aucuparia	same

Write to us

Call us

Sections

Carpinus and Quercus mesic deciduous forest

Description (English)

Quick facts

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Indicator species

Other classifications

History