EUNIS habitat classification 2017 > T - Forest and other wooded land > T3 - Coniferous forest > T34 - Temperate subalpine Larix, Pinus cembra and Pinus uncinata forest

Temperate subalpine Larix, Pinus cembra and Pinus uncinata forest

Description (English)

Coniferous, in part deciduous, forest of European larch (Larix decidua) or Arolla pine (Pinus cembra) in the middle subalpine belt of temperate mountains in the central Alps and Carpathians with long but shallow snow-lie and a short growing season. Dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo), spruce (Picea abies), silver fir (Abies alba), rhododendrons and other sub-shrubs are never more than subordinate, but various whitebeam (Sorbus) species are characteristic associates.

Source: EUNIS habitat classification

Quick facts

EUNIS habitat type	code T34
Relation to	Resolution 4 habitat type (used for designation of Emerald sites)

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Legal text	Annex	Name in legal text	Code in legal text	Habitat type relationship	More information
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests	9420	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests (* if on gypsum or limestone)	9430	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Not available

Indicator species

Diagnostic species

Constant species

Dominant species

Conifers Larix decidua

Conifers Pinus uncinata

Conifers Pinus cembra

Flowering Plants Rhododendron ferrugineum

Flowering Plants Homogyne alpina

Flowering Plants Festuca flavescens

Flowering Plants Lonicera caerulea

Flowering Plants Melampyrum sylvaticum

Diagnostic species occur concentrated in the habitat in question, but are absent or rare in other habitats. They are good positive indicators of the habitat, but they do not need to occur in every location of the habitat.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Larix decidua		Conifers
Pinus uncinata		Conifers
Pinus cembra		Conifers
Rhododendron ferrugineum		Flowering Plants
Homogyne alpina		Flowering Plants
Festuca flavescens		Flowering Plants
Lonicera caerulea		Flowering Plants
Melampyrum sylvaticum		Flowering Plants

Flowering Plants Vaccinium myrtillus

Conifers Larix decidua

Flowering Plants Sorbus aucuparia

Conifers Picea abies

Flowering Plants Avenella flexuosa

Flowering Plants Rhododendron ferrugineum

Flowering Plants Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Conifers Pinus uncinata

Flowering Plants Homogyne alpina

Mosses & Liverworts Dicranum scoparium

Flowering Plants Oxalis acetosella

Mosses & Liverworts Hylocomium splendens

Flowering Plants Solidago virgaurea

Conifers Juniperus communis subsp. communis

Flowering Plants Sesleria caerulea

Mosses & Liverworts Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus

Conifers Pinus cembra

Constant species occur frequently in the habitat, but they may include generalist species that are also frequent in other habitats.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Vaccinium myrtillus		Flowering Plants
Larix decidua		Conifers
Sorbus aucuparia		Flowering Plants
Picea abies		Conifers
Avenella flexuosa		Flowering Plants
Rhododendron ferrugineum		Flowering Plants
Vaccinium vitis-idaea		Flowering Plants
Pinus uncinata		Conifers
Homogyne alpina		Flowering Plants
Dicranum scoparium		Mosses & Liverworts
Oxalis acetosella		Flowering Plants
Hylocomium splendens		Mosses & Liverworts
Solidago virgaurea		Flowering Plants
Juniperus communis subsp. communis		Conifers
Sesleria caerulea		Flowering Plants
Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus		Mosses & Liverworts
Pinus cembra		Conifers

Conifers Larix decidua

Conifers Pinus uncinata

Flowering Plants Vaccinium myrtillus

Flowering Plants Rhododendron ferrugineum

Conifers Pinus cembra

Mosses & Liverworts Hylocomium splendens

Dominant species are those that often reach high cover in the habitat, thus determining the habitat physiognomy.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Larix decidua		Conifers
Pinus uncinata		Conifers
Vaccinium myrtillus		Flowering Plants
Rhododendron ferrugineum		Flowering Plants
Pinus cembra		Conifers
Hylocomium splendens		Mosses & Liverworts

Please note that a maximum of 20 species of each indicator category is shown.

Other classifications

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 2007 (revised descriptions 2012)	G3.2	Alpine Larix - Pinus cembra woodland	wider
EUNIS Habitat Classification 2007 (revised descriptions 2012)	G3.3	Pinus uncinata woodland	wider
European Red List of Habitats	G3.2	Temperate subalpine Larix , Pinus cembra and Pinus uncinata woodland	same

For relation to plant communities (syntaxa), see Vegetation types

History

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410	G3.3	Pinus uncinata woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410	G3.2	Alpine Larix - Pinus cembra woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308	G3.3	Pinus uncinata woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308	G3.2	Alpine Larix - Pinus cembra woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202	G3.2	Alpine Larix - Pinus cembra woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202	G3.3	Pinus uncinata woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910	G3.2	Alpine Larix - Pinus cembra woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910	G3.3	Pinus uncinata woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811	G3.3	Pinus uncinata woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811	G3.2	Alpine Larix-Pinus cembra woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199712	G3.3	Alpine larch-arolla woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199712	G3.4	Mountain pine woodland	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 199905	42.4	Mountain pine forests	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 199905	42.3	Alpine larch-arolla forests	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1997	42.3	Alpine larch-arolla forests	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1997	42.4	Mountain pine forests	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1996	42.3		same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1996	42.4		same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1993	42.3		same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1993	42.4		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1991	42.4		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1991	42.3		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1989	42.4		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1989	42.3		same

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Temperate subalpine Larix, Pinus cembra and Pinus uncinata forest

Description (English)

Quick facts

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Indicator species

Other classifications

History