Moist or wet mesotrophic to eutrophic hay meadow

The habitat comprises various wet to moist grasslands that are influenced by a high water table level and in some cases can be temporarily flooded. This group contains nutrient rich hay meadows, which sometimes are (moderately) grazed at the end of the summer period or in autumn after hay making. When the human impact is reduced or stopped, the habitat will be invaded by tall forb species (Filipendulion, Galio-Urticetea) and consequently by shrub and tree species (Salicion cinereae, Alno-Fraxinetalia). On the other hand, an intensive grazing regime will convert these meadows into pastures (Cynosurion cristati, Potentillo-Poygonetalia). Time and duration of flooding and/or the impact of groundwater are important factors in determining the floristic composition, as they influence the physiological (e.g. roots become in anaerobic condition) and ecological conditions (e.g. availability of nutrients). The main soil types are palanosol and gleysol (also amphigley). These mesotrophic  to eutrophic hay meadows can be found widespread over Europe. In temperate zones, they may occur in fresh and relatively nutrient-rich flooded plains along rivers and on wet mesotrophic mineral to peaty soils in brook valleys and comparable landscapes. In other parts of Europe (subcontinental, submediterranean), such wet meadows are found on alluvial plains that are relatively dry during parts of the year.

These habitats should be mown regularly to prevent afforestation process. This process can be started with various high forb communities (mainly from the alliance Filipendulion). The other threat for these grasslands is increased drainage of the habitat that causes turnover of species and formation of low and medium altitude hay meadows. In case of increased humidity, there appear sedges and reed (Phragmiti-Magnocaricetea). Communities from the alliance Oenanthion fistulosae indicate the transition between those two classes: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Phragmiti-Magnocaricetea. A further threats is (over)grazing that could convert those meadows into pastures.

The following characteristics can be considered as Indicators of good quality:

• High richness in herb species;

• Occurrence of regionally distinct species;

• Long-term habitat stability;

• Extensive management regime aimed at long-term continuation of yearly mowing;

• No encroachment of trees en shrubs.

Synthesis of Red List assessment

Confidence in the assessment

Pressures and threats