Temperate and boreal moist or wet oligotrophic grassland

This habitat comprises meadows on nutrient-poor soils (both in nitrogen and phosphorus) that are wet during a large part of the year, but superficially may dry out in summer. This especially refers to the more continental regions of its distribution range. In spring, the sites are not flooded, which distinguishes these meadows from floodplain meadows belonging to habitat E3.4 (Moist or wet mesotrophic to eutrophic hay meadows). Due to their relatively low productivity, these grasslands are mown only ones a year, usually late in the season (July, August). The grasses Molinia caerulea and Molinia arundinacea quite often dominate these rather species-rich communities. Both Molinia species may form tussocks, up to 50 cm tall, but – especially in the more Atlantic regions – Molinia (caerulea) is sometimes less conspicuous and integrates more with other plant species in the stands. Companions are low-productive species of intermittently wet soils that generally also can be found in open forests. Some of the rather striking tall herbs may provide the vegetation a splendid sight in mid-summer. In the western part of its distribution range, the more peaty appearance of the communities goes along with the frequent occurence of sedges (like Carex nigra and Carex panicea) and rushes (like Juncus acutiflorus and Juncus conglomeratus); here the communities are sometimes grazed. In syntaxonomic literature, these grasslands are often described as distinct alliances (Junco-Molinion and/or Juncion acutiflorae). The habitat may occur from the lowlands up to the (sub)montane areas. The pH varies from more or less acidic to calcareous, with calcium carbonate as an important chemical compound. In fen-meadows, the peaty soils may temper the effect of the fluctuating water tables. When the water fluctuations become too intense, other species may take over, like Juncus effusus.

The following characteristics can be considered as indicators of good quality:

• High richness in herb species;
• Long-term habitat stability;
• Extensive management regime aimed at long-term continuation of yearly mowing, prohibiting a succesion towards woodland;
• Complex landscape setting, with fens or other kinds of mire vegetation on the one hand and drier grasslands on the other.

Synthesis of Red List assessment

Confidence in the assessment

Pressures and threats