Red List habitat classification > RLG - Forests > RLG3.Da Pinus mire woodland

Pinus mire woodland

Quick facts

Red List habitat type	code RLG3.Da
Threat status
Europe	Data Deficient
EU	Vulnerable
Relation to	Annex I habitat types (EU Habitats Directive) Resolution 4 habitat type (Bern Convention)
Source	European Red List habitat factsheet
	European Red List of habitats reports
	European Red List of habitats (Excel table)

Summary

These are coniferous woodlands of shallow to deep peats and peaty mineral soils sustained by high ground water in gentle depressions on plains, on river terraces and at the margins of treeless mires throughout the boreal and more locally in the nemoral zones. The Pinus mire woodland can develop on a clearly ombrotrophic active bog surface on deep peat, but it can also be minerotrophic, located on shallower peaty soils at mire margins, though it could be more extensive on the mire surface. Tree cover can be sparse with low-growing individuals when the associated flora is very similar to the open mire surface, while under more closed canopies, shade-tolerant species prevail. An uneven age structure among the trees is characteristic of natural sites. Pinus species are the canopy dominant, mostly Pinus sylvestris but there are distinct subtypes with Pinus mugo s.l. (including Pinus uncinata ssp. uliginosa = P. rotundata, Pinus x rhaetica, Pinus mugo s.str., Pinus x ascendens). Pinus growth forms vary from upright tree form to more compact low-growth forms. Picea abies ssp. abies and ssp. obovata, Betula pubescens and Salix spp. are common associates. The field layer has such dwarf shrubs as Vaccinium myrtillus, V. uliginosum, V. oxycoccos, V. vitis-idaea, Ledum palustre, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Rubus chamaemorus with Eriophorum vaginatum, Carex globularis and peat-forming Sphagna like S. angustifolium, S. fuscum and S. magellanicum with big pleurocarpous mosses on drier hummocks. Trickles of moving water can sustain more minerotrophic species such as Menyanthes trifoliata, Equisetum fluviatile, E. palustre and Comarum palustre.

Indicators of quality:

• No forest exploitation.

• Intact natural mire hydrology.

• Natural composition of canopy with dominant Pinus species.

• Structural diversity/complexity with (semi)natural age structure or completeness of layers.

• Presence of old trees and a variety of dead wood (lying or standing) and the associated flora, fauna and fungi.

• Long historical continuity (ancient woodland) with high species diversity.

• Absence of non-native species in all layers (flora and fauna).

• No signs of eutrophication or pollution

Characteristic species

For full habitat description, please download the habitat factsheet.

Threat status

Synthesis of Red List assessment

The habitat is assessed as Vulnerable under criterion A1 in the EU 28, as there has been a 35% reduction in quantity over the past 50 years. However, the area of the habitat is currently stable, since drainage of new peatland sites for forestry is not practiced any more in Northern Europe. The habitat quality continues to decline in most EU 28 countries. Trend data on reduction in quantity were missing from Austria, Latvia, Norway and Serbia. Trend data on reduction in quality was missing from Austria, Estonia, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Serbia and Slovakia. Six of the countries (including Norway) reported their data of this type combined with the type G3.Db Picea mire woodland. This habitat type is assessed as Data Deficient in the EU 28+ region since a relatively large part of its area may lie within Norway but precise values are unknown due to the combination of this habitat type with type G3. Db Picea mire woodland.

EU
Red List Category	Red List Criteria
Vulnerable	A1

Europe
Red List Category	Red List Criteria
Data Deficient	-

Confidence in the assessment

medium

Red List of habitat categories and criteria descriptions

European Red List of Habitats categories

Based on Scientific Foundations for an IUCN Red List of Ecosystems

European Red List of Habitats criteria

Reduction in quantity (area of distribution)	A	A1 Present decline (over last 50 years) A2a Future decline (over the next 50 years) A2b Future/present decline (over a 50-year period inclunding present and future) A3 Historic decline
Restricted geographic distribution	B	B1 Restricted Extent of Occurrence (EOO) B2 Restricted Area of Occupancy (AOO) B3 Present at few locations
Reduction in abiotic quality	C	C/D1 Reduction in quality over the last 50 years C/D2 Reduction in quality in the future or in a period including present and future C/D3 Historic reduction in quality
Reduction in biotic quality	D
Quantitative analysis of probability of collapse	E

From Scientific Foundations for an IUCN Red List of Ecosystems

Pressures and threats

Sylviculture, forestry

Forestry clearance
Removal of dead and dying trees
Use of fertilizers (forestry)
Forestry activities not referred to above

Mining, extraction of materials and energy production

Peat extraction

Pollution

Nitrogen-input

Natural System modifications

Human induced changes in hydraulic conditions
Other human induced changes in hydraulic conditions

Climate change

Temperature changes (e.g. rise of temperature & extremes)
Habitat shifting and alteration

Habitat restoration potential

The habitat has a potential to recover, but recovery will be very slow. It always requires restoration of hydrological conditions.

Trends in extent
Average current trend in quantity
Stable	Unknown
EU28	EU28+

Trends in quality
Average current trend in quality
Decreasing	Unknown
EU28	EU28+

Conservation and management needs

The most common approaches currently involve establishing protected areas/sites, establishing wilderness areas, restoring/improving habitats, usually by restoring hydrological conditions and adapting forest management. Some of the additional actions needed include further optimizing the use of funds for conservation (what kind of areas are chosen for conservation and where), further improving methods for conservation/nature management in managed forests (e.g. regarding deadwood), adptation of spatial planning (roads, etc.), and bringing climate change under control.

List of conservation and management needs

Measures related to forests and wooded habitats

Restoring/Improving forest habitats
Adapt forest management

Measures related to wetland, freshwater and coastal habitats

Restoring/Improving the hydrological regime

Measures related to spatial planning

Establish protected areas/sites
Establishing wilderness areas/allowing succession

Distribution

For each habitat a distribution map was produced from a wide variety of sources indicating known and potential occurrences of the habitat in 10x10 km grids within Europe. Occurrences in grid cells were given in two classes: actual distribution from relatively reliable sources (surveys, expert knowledge), and potential distribution based on models or less reliable indicators. Please download the fact sheet to see the map.

Geographic occurrence and trends

EU28	Present or presence uncertain	Current area of habitat (Km²)	Recent trend in quantity (last 50 years)	Recent trend in quality (last 50 years)
Czech Republic	Present	55	Decreasing	Decreasing
Finland mainland	Present	17,100	Decreasing	Decreasing
Aland Islands	Present	17,100	Decreasing	Decreasing
Germany	Present	110	Decreasing	Decreasing
Italy mainland	Present	Oct-16	Decreasing	Stable
Estonia	Present	434	Unknown	Decreasing
Lithuania	Present	465-470	Decreasing	Increasing
Latvia	Present	39	Decreasing	Decreasing
Austria	Present	0-10	Decreasing	Unknown
Romania	Present	0-50	Decreasing	Decreasing
United Kingdom	Present	10	Decreasing	Stable
Bulgaria	Present	0.7	Decreasing	Decreasing
France mainland	Present	0-80	Decreasing	Increasing
Corsica	Uncertain	0-80	Decreasing	Increasing
Poland	Present	250	Decreasing	Decreasing
Sardinia	Uncertain	Oct-16	Decreasing	Stable
Sicily	Uncertain	Oct-16	Decreasing	Stable
Slovakia	Present	0-30	Unknown	Decreasing
Slovenia	Present	0-11	Decreasing	Stable
Sweden	Present	16,379	Decreasing	Increasing

EU28 +	Present or presence uncertain	Current area of habitat (Km²)	Recent trend in quantity (last 50 years)	Recent trend in quality (last 50 years)
Switzerland	Present	17	Decreasing	Decreasing
Norway Mainland	Present	0-2,670	Unknown	Decreasing
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Present	0.2	Decreasing	Stable
Serbia	Present	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown

Extent of Occurrence, Area of Occupancy and habitat area

	Extent of Occurrence (EOO) (Km²)	Area of Occupancy (AOO)	Current estimated Total Area	Comment
EU28	>50,000	>50	> 34,859	The area is without countries which gave data for G3.D/E only
EU28+	>50		> 34,876	The area is without Norway and other countries which gave data for G3.D/E only

AOO = the area occupied by a habitat measured in number of 10x10 km grid cells.
EOO = the area (km2) of the envelope around all occurrences of a habitat (calculated by a minimum convex polygon).

Characteristic species

Not available

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Legal text	Annex	Name in legal text	Code in legal text	Habitat type relationship	More information
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Bog woodland	91D0	Narrower	http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Boreal bog conifer woodland	G3.D	Overlap	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Nemoral bog conifer woodland	G3.E	Overlap	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]

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Pinus mire woodland

Quick facts

Summary

Threat status

Synthesis of Red List assessment

Confidence in the assessment

European Red List of Habitats categories

European Red List of Habitats criteria

Pressures and threats

Habitat restoration potential

Trends in extent

Average current trend in quantity

Trends in quality

Average current trend in quality

Conservation and management needs

List of conservation and management needs

Distribution

Geographic occurrence and trends

Extent of Occurrence, Area of Occupancy and habitat area

Characteristic species

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Other classifications