Red List habitat classification > RLH - Sparsely vegetated habitats > RLH3.2d Mediterranean base-rich inland cliff

Mediterranean base-rich inland cliff

Quick facts

Red List habitat type	code RLH3.2d
Threat status
Europe	Least Concern
EU	Least Concern
Relation to	Annex I habitat types (EU Habitats Directive) Resolution 4 habitat type (Bern Convention)
Source	European Red List habitat factsheet
	European Red List of habitats reports
	European Red List of habitats (Excel table)

Summary

This habitat is composed of cliffs of limestone, calcareous conglomerates and other base-rich rocks in the Mediterranean, except if they are halophytic as a result of being under sea spray influence, with calcicole vascular plants, growing in fissures and crevices (chasmophytes), bryophytes, lichens and epi- and endolithic micro-organisms. The chasmophytic flora is diverse in composition and growth form; it consists mainly of perennial herbs, small ferns, dwarf shrubs, shrubs, tussock grasses, and sometimes woody climbers and small trees. Rosulate, prostrate, succulent and cushion are characteristic growth forms. Genera such as Asplenium, Campanula, Centaurea, Hieracium, Saxifraga, Silene and Teucrium are particularly species-rich and well represented in many Mediterranean regions. Cliff habitats are known to promote speciation and relict endemism through geographical isolation and long-term habitat continuity. Although not particularly rich in species per site (alpha diversity), relicts, as well as neo-endemisms, lead to an extraordinary regional and supra-regional diversity. The large number of floristically well-defined plant communities and alliances reflects these geographical and altitudinal patterns. Apart from the striking biogeographical variation, local-scale differences in species composition occur due to exposure, cliff topography, rock texture, mineral composition and humidity.

Mediterranean base-rich inland cliffs occur in most of the Iberian Peninsula (except the northern part), the Balearic islands, southern France, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, the Tyrrhenian coastal region with the islands, the Apennines, the Adriatic and Ionian coastal regions and islands, the southern Balkans (as far as Mediterranean climate is prevailing), the Aegean, Cyprus, further to Mediterranean Turkey (Anatolia) and the Mediterranean parts of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Israel, as well as to northern Africa (i.e. Cyrenaica in Lybia, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco). Non-halophytic cliffs are present from sea-level up to the high mountains, exposed or sheltered, in ravines, gorges, precipices and summit areas. Ultramafic cliffs are included under habitat H3.2g, while halophytic coastal cliffs are included under habitat B3.1-3b.

Indicators of quality:

Mediterranean limestone cliffs are mostly natural habitats with only little or marginal human influence. Mediterranean cliffs support a characteristic chasmophytic flora rich in local and regional endemics. There are several examples of neo-endemics (Quaternary speciation) as well as paleo-endemics (Tertiary relics). The occurrence of rare and phytogeographically significant endemics indicates high quality. Since the chasmophytic flora varies much between areas, the quality of particular sites should be judged by the chasmophytes occurring in the site proportional to those in the wider area.

Cliff habitats are mostly inaccessible and as such to some extent they are naturally protected. Human impacts such as quarrying and rock control structures are tantamount to the destruction of the habitat. The following characteristics may be used as indicators of good quality:

Occurrence of a representative set of rare species, in particular narrow or regional endemics
Presence of different aspects of rock walls, different exposure to insolation, moisture and rock structures such as vertical rock faces, overhangs, cavities, rock shelters and ledges
Contact with natural habitats such as extensive screes, rock shrubs and dry grasslands
Absence of limestone mining and quarrying
Absence of rock control structures
Absence of garbage dumping and nutrient input from above the cliff
Absence of rock climbing facilities

Characteristic species

Characteristic species:

Vascular plants: Achillea (ageratifolia subsp. aizoon, cretica, pindicola subsp. integrifolia), Aethionema (lycium, saxatile, schistosum, spicatum), Alchemilla ellenbergiana, Allium (antonii-bolosii, grosii), Allosorus (acrosticus, hispanicus, persicus), Alyssoides cretica, Alyssum (baeticum, cadevallianum), Amelanchier parviflora, Anogramma leptophylla, Antirrhinum (hispanicum subsp. mollissimum, microphyllum, pertegasii, pulverulentum, subbaeticum, valentinum), Anthriscus kotschyi, Arabis (alpina subsp. brevifolia, alpina subsp. caucasica, bryoides), Arenaria (balearica, cretica, deflexa, kotschyana subsp. kotschyana, pamphylica, tmolea, uninervia), Artemisia chamaemelifolia subsp. cantabrica, Asperula (arcadiensis, boissieri, boryana, paui subsp. dianensis, paui subsp. paui, pubescens, serotina, stricta subsp. grandiflora, tournefortii), Asplenium (aegaeum, ceterach, creticum, fissum, fontanum, lepidum subp. lepdium, lepidum subsp. haussknechtii petrarchae, ruta-muraria, sagittatum, seelosii subsp. glabrum, tadei, trichomanes), Asyneuma (compactum, linifolium subsp. linifolium, lycium), Athamanta vayredana, Aubrieta (canescens subsp. canescens, deltoidea, thessala), Aurinia (corymbosa, rupestris subsp. cyclocarpa, saxatilis subsp. orientalis), Bellium bellidioides, Biscutella frutescens, Brassica (balearica, cretica subsp. cretica, cretica subsp. aegaea, cretica subsp. laconica, cretica subsp. nivea), Bubon macedonicum, Bufonia calyculata, Bupleurum (barceloi, kakiskalae), Campanula (affinis, aizoon, celsii, cretica, cymbalaria, isaurica, laciniata, mollis, oreadum, pelviformis, rotundifolia subsp. hispanica, rupestris, rupicola, tubulosa, versicolor), Capparis orientalis, Cardamine plumierii, Carex rorulenta, Carum meoides, Centaurea (argentea, boissieri subsp. mariolensis, cariensis subsp. microlepis, clementei, drabifolia, lancifolia, mariana, ossaea, poculatoris, redempta, resupinata subsp. lagascae, rouyi, saxicola, segariensis), Centranthus ruber subsp. sibthorpii, Cephalaria squamiflora (subsp. balearica, subsp. mediterranea), Chaenorhinum (origanifolium subsp. cadevallii, origanifolium subsp. crassifolium, origanifolium subsp. origanifolium, origanifolium subsp. segoviense, tenellum), Chiliadenus glutinosus, Clinopodium (rouyanum, serpyllifolium subsp. fruticosum), Cosentinia vellea, Crepis (auriculifolia, triasii), Crocus cambessedesii, Cystopteris fragilis, Danthoniastrum compactum, Davallia canariensis, Dianthus (elegans, fruticosus, juniperinus, rupicola, xylorrhizus), Digitalis dubia, Doronicum cacaliifolium, Dorystaechas hastata, Draba (acaulis, lacaitae, lasiocarpa subsp. dolichostyla, scardica), Ebenus cretica, Erodium reichardii, Eryngium ternatum, Erysimum candicum, Euphorbia herniariifolia, Festuca pseudosupina, Ficus carica, Galatella cretica, Galium (canum, crespianum, degenii, erythrorrhizon, fruticosum subsp. ephedroides, fruticosum subsp. fruticosum, graecum), Geranium glaberrimum, Globularia majoricensis, Gnaphalium leucopilinum, Gypsophila montserratii, Helichrysum (crassifolium, heldreichii, melitense, orientale), Helictochloa crassifolia, Hieracium (amplexicaule, arragonense, bourgaei subsp. baeticum, candidum, elisaeanum, humile, laniferum, lawsonii, loscosianum, mixtum, pannosum, sartorianum, scapigerum, texedense), Hippocrepis (balearica, valentina), Hirtellina (fruticosa, lobelii), Hormathophylla reverchonii, Hypericum (aciferum, amblycalyx, jovis, origanifolium, taygeteum), Iberis gibraltarica, Inula (candida, heterolepis, methanaea, oxylepis, parnassica, pseudolimonella, verbascifolia), Jacobaea gnaphalioides, Jankaea heldreichii, Jasione foliosa, Lactuca acanthifolia, Lafuentea rotundifolia, Laserpitium petrophilum, Lepidium villarsii subsp. anticarium, Linaria (anticaria, cavanillesii, verticillata), Linum arboreum, Lomelosia (albocincta, crenata, cretica, hymettia, minoana, variifolia), Macrotomia densiflora, Melica rectiflora, Michauxia tchihatcheffii, Micromeria (filiformis, myrtifolia), Minuartia valentina, Moehringia intricata (subsp. castellana, subsp. intricata, subsp. tejedensis), Myosotis speluncicola, Narcissus calcicola, Naufraga balearica, Nepeta (concolor, phyllochlamys), Odontites linkii, Omphalodes luciliae subsp. cilicica, Onobrychis sphaciotica, Onosma graeca, Origanum dictamnus, Papaver rupifragum subsp. rupifragum, Petrorhagia dianthoides, Petromarula pinnata, Phagnalon (rupestre subsp. graecum, sordidum), Poa cenisia, Polypodium (cambricum subsp. cambricum, interjectum, vulgare), Potentilla (caulescens subsp. caulescens, caulescens subsp. nebrodensis, deorum, kotschyana, pulvinaris, speciosa), Pseudoscabiosa (grosii, saxatilis), Ptilostemon chamaepeuce, Ramonda myconi, Ranunculus (creticus, weyleri), Rhamnus (alpina subsp. fallax, libanotica, pumila, sibthorpiana), Rosularia (libanotica, serrata), Rubia angustifolia, Rupicapnos africana subsp. decipiens, Sanguisorba (ancistroides, cretica, rupicola), Sarcocapnos (baetica subsp. baetica, baetica subsp. integrifolia, crassifolia subsp. speciosa, enneaphylla subsp. saetabensis, pulcherrima), Satureja parnassica, Saxifraga (biternata, bourgaeana, camposii, corsica subsp. corsica, corsica subsp. cossoniana, cuneata, exarata, federici-augusti subsp. grisebachii, fragilis subsp. fragilis, fragilis subsp. paniculata, glabella, granatensis, kotschyi, latepetiolata, longifolia subsp. longifolia, losae, luteoviridis, marginata, moncayensis, paniculata, porophylla, reuteriana, rigoi, scardica, sempervivum, sibthorpii, spruneri, taygetea), Scorzonera cretica, Scrophularia (depauperata, heterophylla, kotschyana, libanotica), Scutellaria sieberi, Securigera globosa, Sedum (dasyphyllum subsp. dasyphyllum, dasyphyllum subsp. glanduliferum, dasyphyllum subsp. granatense, magellense), Selaginella denticulata, Sempervivum marmoreum, Senecio castagneanus, Sesleria (doerfleri, insularis), Sibthorpia africana, Sideritis (glauca, perfoliata, stachydioides), Silene (andryalifolia, auriculata, boryi, congesta, gazulensis, gigantea, hifacensis, leptoclada, mollissima, odontopetala, parnassica, pusilla, saxifraga, tomentosa), Solenopsis balearica, Stachys (candida, chrysantha, parolinii, spreitzenhoferi, swainsonii), Staehelina petiolata, Symphytum creticum, Tanacetum (argenteum subsp. canum, argenteum subsp. flabellifolium, armenum), Teucrium (aroanium, buxifolium subsp. buxifolium, cuneifolium, fragile, francisci-werneri, freynii, halacsyanum, hifacense, intricatum, rivasii, rivas-martinezii, rotundifolium subsp. rotundifolium, thymifolium), Thymus richardii (subsp. ebusitanus, subsp. richardii), Trisetum velutinum, Umbilicus (horizontalis, luteus, rupestris), Valeriana (apula, asarifolia, longiflora, sisymbriifolia, speluncaria, tripteris), Verbascum (arcturus, pestalozzae), Veronica (bellidioides subsp. lilacina, kotschyana), Viola (chelmea, herzogii, parnonia, perinensis, poetica).

Bryophytes: Anoectangium aestivum, Anomodon viticulosus, Didymodon vinealis, Brachythecium glareosum, Brachythecium laetum, Bryum elegans, Ctenidium molluscum, Distichium capillaceum, Ditrichum flexicaule, Distichium inclinatum, Encalypta streptocarpa, Encalypta vulgaris, Frullania tamarisci, Gymnostomum calcareum, Grimmia anodon, Grimmia capillata, Grimmia crinita, Grimmia orbicularis, Grimmia teretinervis, Grimmia tergestina, Gymnostomum aeruginosum, Gymnostomum viridulum, Gyroweisia tenuis, Homalia trichomanoides, Homalothecium lutescens, Homalothecium philippeanum, Homalothecium sericeum, Isothecium myosuroides, Leiocolea collaris, Mnium marginatum, Mnium stellare, Myurella tenerrima, Neckera complanata, Neckera crispa, Orthotrichum anomalum, Orthotrichum cupulatum, Plagiochila exigua, Plagiochila spinulosa, Porella platyphylla, Pseudoleskea incurvata, Pseudoleskeella catenulata, Pterogonium gracile, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Schistidium apocarpum, Schistidium brunnescens, Schistidium crassipilum, Seligeria calcarea, Targionia hypophylla, Timmia bavarica, Tortella tortuosa, Tortula calcicolens, Tortula crinita, Tortula muralis, Tortula norvegica, Tortula ruralis, Trichostomum crispulum.

For full habitat description, please download the habitat factsheet.

Threat status

Synthesis of Red List assessment

The habitat type is assessed as Least Concern status (LC) in view of its stable trend, since a reduction of only 0.4% has occurred over the last 50 years. Reductions in quality cannot be estimated due to lack of information. Future trends for this habitat are rather unpredictable, but most of the Mediterranean cliffs fall within natural reserves or protected areas and thus are presumed to be stable.

EU
Red List Category	Red List Criteria
Least Concern	-

Europe
Red List Category	Red List Criteria
Least Concern	-

Confidence in the assessment

low

Red List of habitat categories and criteria descriptions

European Red List of Habitats categories

Based on Scientific Foundations for an IUCN Red List of Ecosystems

European Red List of Habitats criteria

Reduction in quantity (area of distribution)	A	A1 Present decline (over last 50 years) A2a Future decline (over the next 50 years) A2b Future/present decline (over a 50-year period inclunding present and future) A3 Historic decline
Restricted geographic distribution	B	B1 Restricted Extent of Occurrence (EOO) B2 Restricted Area of Occupancy (AOO) B3 Present at few locations
Reduction in abiotic quality	C	C/D1 Reduction in quality over the last 50 years C/D2 Reduction in quality in the future or in a period including present and future C/D3 Historic reduction in quality
Reduction in biotic quality	D
Quantitative analysis of probability of collapse	E

From Scientific Foundations for an IUCN Red List of Ecosystems

Pressures and threats

Mining, extraction of materials and energy production

Mining and quarrying

Transportation and service corridors

Roads, paths and railroads
Roads, motorways
Tunnel

Human intrusions and disturbances

Outdoor sports and leisure activities, recreational activities
Mountaineering, rock climbing, speleology
Mountaineering & rock climbing
Recreational cave visits
Fences, fencing

Invasive, other problematic species and genes

Invasive non-native species

Habitat restoration potential

Unless completely destroyed, cliff recovery is possible provided that it is potentially connected with similar environments and that natural geo-morphological processes are not hampered. As many specialised plants of this habitat type are poor dispersers, the species composition is expected to remain impoverished even after initial habitat recovery.

Trends in extent
Average current trend in quantity
Stable	Stable
EU28	EU28+

Trends in quality
Average current trend in quality
Unknown	Unknown
EU28	EU28+

Conservation and management needs

The best management practice for this highly natural habitat is to leave it simply untouched, thus avoiding any human interference with its natural processes. Luckily, cliffs are mostly present in protected areas.
Information about the biological value of this habitat to the potential users, such as climbers, should be extensively provided. In addition, public awareness about the biological relevance of such apparently inhospitable environments should be increased.

List of conservation and management needs

Measures related to spatial planning

Establish protected areas/sites
Manage landscape features

Distribution

For each habitat a distribution map was produced from a wide variety of sources indicating known and potential occurrences of the habitat in 10x10 km grids within Europe. Occurrences in grid cells were given in two classes: actual distribution from relatively reliable sources (surveys, expert knowledge), and potential distribution based on models or less reliable indicators. Please download the fact sheet to see the map.

Geographic occurrence and trends

EU28	Present or presence uncertain	Current area of habitat (Km²)	Recent trend in quantity (last 50 years)	Recent trend in quality (last 50 years)
Croatia	Present	25	Stable	Stable
Cyprus	Present	unknown	Unknown	Unknown
France mainland	Present	175	Decreasing	Decreasing
Corsica	Present	175	Decreasing	Decreasing
Greece (mainland and other islands)	Present	150	Unknown	Unknown
Crete	Present	150	Unknown	Unknown
East Aegean	Present	150	Unknown	Unknown
Italy mainland	Present	137	Decreasing	Stable
Sardinia	Present	137	Decreasing	Stable
Sicily	Present	137	Decreasing	Stable
Portugal mainland	Present	15	Unknown	Increasing
Slovenia	Present	1	Stable	Stable
Spain mainland	Present	261	Decreasing	Stable

EU28 +	Present or presence uncertain	Current area of habitat (Km²)	Recent trend in quantity (last 50 years)	Recent trend in quality (last 50 years)
Albania	Present	unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Present	5	-	Stable

Extent of Occurrence, Area of Occupancy and habitat area

	Extent of Occurrence (EOO) (Km²)	Area of Occupancy (AOO)	Current estimated Total Area	Comment
EU28	>50.000	>50	764
EU28+	>50		769	These figures are calculated without considering data from Cyprus and Albania, as it was not available.

AOO = the area occupied by a habitat measured in number of 10x10 km grid cells.
EOO = the area (km2) of the envelope around all occurrences of a habitat (calculated by a minimum convex polygon).

Characteristic species

The full list of characteristic species and genus are available above from the Summary. The species available in the EUNIS database are shown here.

Ferns Anogramma leptophylla

Ferns Cosentinia vellea

Ferns Cystopteris fragilis

Ferns Davallia canariensis

Ferns Selaginella denticulata

Flowering Plants Alyssoides cretica

Flowering Plants Artemisia chamaemelifolia subsp. cantabrica

Flowering Plants Bellium bellidioides

Flowering Plants Biscutella frutescens

Flowering Plants Carex rorulenta

Flowering Plants Carum meoides

Flowering Plants Centranthus ruber subsp. sibthorpii

Flowering Plants Crocus cambessedesii

Flowering Plants Danthoniastrum compactum

Flowering Plants Digitalis dubia

Flowering Plants Ebenus cretica

Flowering Plants Erodium reichardii

Flowering Plants Eryngium ternatum

Flowering Plants Erysimum candicum

Flowering Plants Euphorbia herniariifolia

Flowering Plants Ficus carica

Flowering Plants Galatella cretica

Flowering Plants Gypsophila montserratii

Flowering Plants Iberis gibraltarica

Flowering Plants Jankaea heldreichii

Flowering Plants Jasione foliosa

Flowering Plants Lactuca acanthifolia

Flowering Plants Lafuentea rotundifolia

Flowering Plants Linum arboreum

Flowering Plants Macrotomia densiflora

Flowering Plants Melica rectiflora

Flowering Plants Myosotis speluncicola

Flowering Plants Narcissus calcicola

Flowering Plants Naufraga balearica

Flowering Plants Odontites linkii

Flowering Plants Onobrychis sphaciotica

Flowering Plants Onosma graeca

Flowering Plants Origanum dictamnus

Flowering Plants Petromarula pinnata

Flowering Plants Petrorhagia dianthoides

Flowering Plants Poa cenisia

Flowering Plants Ptilostemon chamaepeuce

Flowering Plants Ramonda myconi

Flowering Plants Rubia angustifolia

Flowering Plants Rupicapnos africana subsp. decipiens

Flowering Plants Satureja parnassica

Flowering Plants Scorzonera cretica

Flowering Plants Scutellaria sieberi

Flowering Plants Sempervivum marmoreum

Flowering Plants Senecio castagneanus

Flowering Plants Sibthorpia africana

Flowering Plants Symphytum creticum

Flowering Plants Trisetum velutinum

Mosses & Liverworts Anoectangium aestivum

Mosses & Liverworts Anomodon viticulosus

Mosses & Liverworts Brachythecium glareosum

Mosses & Liverworts Brachythecium laetum

Mosses & Liverworts Bryum elegans

Mosses & Liverworts Ctenidium molluscum

Mosses & Liverworts Didymodon vinealis

Mosses & Liverworts Distichium capillaceum

Mosses & Liverworts Distichium inclinatum

Mosses & Liverworts Ditrichum flexicaule

Mosses & Liverworts Encalypta streptocarpa

Mosses & Liverworts Encalypta vulgaris

Mosses & Liverworts Grimmia anodon

Mosses & Liverworts Grimmia capillata

Mosses & Liverworts Grimmia crinita

Mosses & Liverworts Grimmia orbicularis

Mosses & Liverworts Grimmia teretinervis

Mosses & Liverworts Grimmia tergestina

Mosses & Liverworts Gymnostomum aeruginosum

Mosses & Liverworts Gymnostomum calcareum

Mosses & Liverworts Gymnostomum viridulum

Mosses & Liverworts Gyroweisia tenuis

Mosses & Liverworts Homalia trichomanoides

Mosses & Liverworts Homalothecium lutescens

Mosses & Liverworts Homalothecium philippeanum

Mosses & Liverworts Homalothecium sericeum

Mosses & Liverworts Isothecium myosuroides

Mosses & Liverworts Mnium marginatum

Mosses & Liverworts Mnium stellare

Mosses & Liverworts Myurella tenerrima

Mosses & Liverworts Neckera complanata

Mosses & Liverworts Neckera crispa

Mosses & Liverworts Orthotrichum anomalum

Mosses & Liverworts Orthotrichum cupulatum

Mosses & Liverworts Pseudoleskea incurvata

Mosses & Liverworts Pseudoleskeella catenulata

Mosses & Liverworts Pterogonium gracile

Mosses & Liverworts Schistidium apocarpum

Mosses & Liverworts Schistidium brunnescens

Mosses & Liverworts Schistidium crassipilum

Mosses & Liverworts Seligeria calcarea

Mosses & Liverworts Timmia bavarica

Mosses & Liverworts Tortella tortuosa

Mosses & Liverworts Tortula calcicolens

Mosses & Liverworts Tortula crinita

Mosses & Liverworts Tortula muralis

Mosses & Liverworts Tortula norvegica

Mosses & Liverworts Tortula ruralis

Mosses & Liverworts Trichostomum crispulum

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Anogramma leptophylla		Ferns
Cosentinia vellea		Ferns
Cystopteris fragilis		Ferns
Davallia canariensis		Ferns
Selaginella denticulata		Ferns
Alyssoides cretica		Flowering Plants
Artemisia chamaemelifolia subsp. cantabrica		Flowering Plants
Bellium bellidioides		Flowering Plants
Biscutella frutescens		Flowering Plants
Carex rorulenta		Flowering Plants
Carum meoides		Flowering Plants
Centranthus ruber subsp. sibthorpii		Flowering Plants
Crocus cambessedesii		Flowering Plants
Danthoniastrum compactum		Flowering Plants
Digitalis dubia		Flowering Plants
Ebenus cretica		Flowering Plants
Erodium reichardii		Flowering Plants
Eryngium ternatum		Flowering Plants
Erysimum candicum		Flowering Plants
Euphorbia herniariifolia		Flowering Plants
Ficus carica		Flowering Plants
Galatella cretica		Flowering Plants
Gypsophila montserratii		Flowering Plants
Iberis gibraltarica		Flowering Plants
Jankaea heldreichii		Flowering Plants
Jasione foliosa		Flowering Plants
Lactuca acanthifolia		Flowering Plants
Lafuentea rotundifolia		Flowering Plants
Linum arboreum		Flowering Plants
Macrotomia densiflora		Flowering Plants
Melica rectiflora		Flowering Plants
Myosotis speluncicola		Flowering Plants
Narcissus calcicola		Flowering Plants
Naufraga balearica		Flowering Plants
Odontites linkii		Flowering Plants
Onobrychis sphaciotica		Flowering Plants
Onosma graeca		Flowering Plants
Origanum dictamnus		Flowering Plants
Petromarula pinnata		Flowering Plants
Petrorhagia dianthoides		Flowering Plants
Poa cenisia		Flowering Plants
Ptilostemon chamaepeuce		Flowering Plants
Ramonda myconi		Flowering Plants
Rubia angustifolia		Flowering Plants
Rupicapnos africana subsp. decipiens		Flowering Plants
Satureja parnassica		Flowering Plants
Scorzonera cretica		Flowering Plants
Scutellaria sieberi		Flowering Plants
Sempervivum marmoreum		Flowering Plants
Senecio castagneanus		Flowering Plants
Sibthorpia africana		Flowering Plants
Symphytum creticum		Flowering Plants
Trisetum velutinum		Flowering Plants
Anoectangium aestivum		Mosses & Liverworts
Anomodon viticulosus		Mosses & Liverworts
Brachythecium glareosum		Mosses & Liverworts
Brachythecium laetum		Mosses & Liverworts
Bryum elegans		Mosses & Liverworts
Ctenidium molluscum		Mosses & Liverworts
Didymodon vinealis		Mosses & Liverworts
Distichium capillaceum		Mosses & Liverworts
Distichium inclinatum		Mosses & Liverworts
Ditrichum flexicaule		Mosses & Liverworts
Encalypta streptocarpa		Mosses & Liverworts
Encalypta vulgaris		Mosses & Liverworts
Grimmia anodon		Mosses & Liverworts
Grimmia capillata		Mosses & Liverworts
Grimmia crinita		Mosses & Liverworts
Grimmia orbicularis		Mosses & Liverworts
Grimmia teretinervis		Mosses & Liverworts
Grimmia tergestina		Mosses & Liverworts
Gymnostomum aeruginosum		Mosses & Liverworts
Gymnostomum calcareum		Mosses & Liverworts
Gymnostomum viridulum		Mosses & Liverworts
Gyroweisia tenuis		Mosses & Liverworts
Homalia trichomanoides		Mosses & Liverworts
Homalothecium lutescens		Mosses & Liverworts
Homalothecium philippeanum		Mosses & Liverworts
Homalothecium sericeum		Mosses & Liverworts
Isothecium myosuroides		Mosses & Liverworts
Mnium marginatum		Mosses & Liverworts
Mnium stellare		Mosses & Liverworts
Myurella tenerrima		Mosses & Liverworts
Neckera complanata		Mosses & Liverworts
Neckera crispa		Mosses & Liverworts
Orthotrichum anomalum		Mosses & Liverworts
Orthotrichum cupulatum		Mosses & Liverworts
Pseudoleskea incurvata		Mosses & Liverworts
Pseudoleskeella catenulata		Mosses & Liverworts
Pterogonium gracile		Mosses & Liverworts
Schistidium apocarpum		Mosses & Liverworts
Schistidium brunnescens		Mosses & Liverworts
Schistidium crassipilum		Mosses & Liverworts
Seligeria calcarea		Mosses & Liverworts
Timmia bavarica		Mosses & Liverworts
Tortella tortuosa		Mosses & Liverworts
Tortula calcicolens		Mosses & Liverworts
Tortula crinita		Mosses & Liverworts
Tortula muralis		Mosses & Liverworts
Tortula norvegica		Mosses & Liverworts
Tortula ruralis		Mosses & Liverworts
Trichostomum crispulum		Mosses & Liverworts

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Legal text	Annex	Name in legal text	Code in legal text	Habitat type relationship	More information
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation	8210	Narrower	http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs	H3.2	Narrower	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]

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Mediterranean base-rich inland cliff

Quick facts

Summary

Threat status

Synthesis of Red List assessment

Confidence in the assessment

European Red List of Habitats categories

European Red List of Habitats criteria

Pressures and threats

Habitat restoration potential

Trends in extent

Average current trend in quantity

Trends in quality

Average current trend in quality

Conservation and management needs

List of conservation and management needs

Distribution

Geographic occurrence and trends

Extent of Occurrence, Area of Occupancy and habitat area

Characteristic species

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Other classifications