EUNIS habitat classification 2012 amended 2019 > G - Woodland, forest and other wooded land > G1 - Broadleaved deciduous woodland > G1.A - Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus and related woodland

Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus and related woodland

English name: Meso- and eutrophic oak, hornbeam, ash, sycamore, lime, elm and related woodland

Description (English)

Woods, typically with mixed canopy composition, on rich and moderately rich soils. Includes woods dominated by Acer, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Quercus (especially Quercus petraea and Quercus robur), Tilia and Ulmus. Excludes acid Quercus woodland (G1.8) and woodland with a large representation of southern species such as Fraxinus ornus or Quercus pubescens (G1.7).

Source: EUNIS habitat classification

Quick facts

EUNIS habitat type	code G1.A
Relation to	Annex I habitat types (EU Habitats Directive)

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Legal text	Annex	Name in legal text	Code in legal text	Habitat type relationship	More information
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus) rich in epiphytes	9020	Wider	http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli	9160	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests	9170	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines	9180	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus	91G0	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-carpinion)	91L0	Wider
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Dacian oak & hornbeam forests	91Y0	Wider

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Name	Definition	Other names	Reference
Querco roboris-Tilion cordatae Solomeshch et Laivinš ex Bulokhov et Solomeshch 2003	Subboreal broad-leaved and mixed forests northwestern Russia and Baltic countries	Querco roboris-Tilion cordatae Solomeshch et Laivinš 1993	Schaminee et al, 2012
Paeonio dauricae-Quercion petraeae Didukh 1996	Crimean mesophilous subthermophilous oak forests		Schaminee et al, 2012
Corno-Quercion petraeae Korzhenevsky 1982	Submontane and montane mesic deciduous oak forests of Crimea	Lathyro laxiflorae-Quercion petraeae Didukh 1996	Schaminee et al, 2012
Astrantio–Carpinion caucasicae Passarge 1981	High-altitude hornbeam forests of central Caucasus.		Schaminee et al, 2012
Refugial submediterranean xero-thermophilous broad-leaved ravine forests of Balkan Peninsula	Fraxino excelsiori-Acerion pseudoplatani P. Fukarek 1969		Schaminee et al, 2012
Mesophilous broad-leaved ravine forests in meso- and supra-mediterranean belts of southern Apenninian Peninsula	Ostryo carpinifoliae-Tilion platyphylli (Košir et al. 2008) Košir et Carni in Mucina et al. 2013		Schaminee et al, 2012
Lathyro-Quercion roboris Solomeshch et al. 1989 nom. inval.	Thermophilous oak forests of forest zone of South Urals	Pruno-Quercion roboris Schubert et al. 1979	Schaminee et al, 2012
Tilio platyphylli-Acerion Klika 1955	Colline to submontane maple-lime forests on steep slopes of temperate Western and Central Europe	Aceri platanoidis-Tilion platyphylli Gillet 1986; Aceri-Ulmion Scamoni et Passarge 1959; Actaeo spicatae-Mercurialion perennis Gillet 1986; Adoxo-Acerion pseudoplatani Passarge 1968; Stachyo-Acerion pseudoplatani Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Lunario-Acerion pseudoplatani Moor 1973; Melico-Tilion platyphylli Passarge 1968; Sorbo-Fraxinion Béguin et Theurillat 1981; Stachyo-Acerion pseudoplatani Passarge 1968; Tilio-Acerion Ellenberg et Klötzli 1972; Tilion Doing Kraft 1955; Tilion platyphyllis Moor 1973; Tilion platyphyllis Moor 1975; Melico-Tilion platyphylli Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Adoxo-Acerion pseudoplatani Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968	Schaminee et al, 2012
Scillo sibericae-Quercion roboris Onyshchenko 2009	Mesic deciduous mixed forests of eastern regions of forest-steppe and steppe zones of Ukraine		Schaminee et al, 2012
Erythronio-Carpinion (Horvat 1958) Marincek in Wallnöfer et al. 1993	Thermophilous Illyrian and northern Italian oak-hornbeam woods	Carpinion illyrico-moesiacum Horvat 1958; Carpinion illyrico-podolicum Horvat 1956; Carpinion illyricum Horvat 1958; Primulo-Fagion Borhidi 1963; Quercion petraeae Lakušic et al. 1979; Carpinion podolico-illyricum Horvat 1956 nom. invers. propos.	Schaminee et al, 2012
Lathyro veneti-Taxion baccatae Carni et Mucina 2013	Relict mixed acidophilous scree forests of Corsica	Lathyrion veneti Gamisans 1975; Lathyrion veneti Gamisans 1977; Lathyro veneti-Carpinion betuli (Ubaldi et. al.) Arrigoni et Foggi 1992	Schaminee et al, 2012
Carpinion betuli Issler 1931	Oak-hornbeam forests of Western and Central Europe, northern Balkans and western part of Eastern Europe	Aceri campestris-Carpinion betuli Gillet 1986; Bromo-Carpinion betuli Passarge 1968; Carpinion betuli (Tx. 1936) Oberd. 1953; Carpinion dacicum Soó 1964; Carpinion-(Fagion) Mayer 1937 (orig. form); Dactylido-Carpinion betuli Passarge 1968; Eu-Carpinion Scamoni et Passarge 1959; Fraxino-Carpinion Tx. 1937; Galio-Carpinion (Oberd. 1957) Kissling 1983; Lathyro hallersteinii-Carpinion Boscaiu 1974; Luzulion luzuloidis Julve 1993; Melampyro-Carpinion betuli Passarge 1968; Mercuriali-Carpinion S. Müller ex Julve 1988; Polytricho-Carpinion betuli Passarge 1968; Pulmonario-Carpinion (Oberd. 1957) Kissling 1983; Querco-Carpinion betuli Rameau 1996; Querco-Fagion Rameau 1997; Stachyo-Carpinion betuli Passarge 1968; Stellario-Carpinion betuli Passarge 1968; Polytricho-Carpinion betuli Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Bromo-Carpinion betuli Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Stellario-Carpinion betuli Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Stachyo-Carpinion betuli Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Aceri campestris-Carpinion betuli Gillet ex Julve 1993; Lonicero periclymeni-Carpinion (S. Müller 1978) Julve 1988; Melampyro-Carpinion betuli Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Tilio cordatae-Carpinion (Oberd. 1957) Kissling 1983; Dactylido-Carpinion betuli Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968	Schaminee et al, 2012
Crataego-Carpinion caucasicae Passarge 1981	Low-altitude oak-hornbeam forests of central Caucasus.		Schaminee et al, 2012
Physospermo verticillati-Quercion cerridis Biondi et al. ex Biondi, Casavecchia et Biscotti 2013	Refugial thermophilous submediterranean-submontane maple-oak-hornbeam forests of southern Italy	Physospermo verticillati-Quercion cerridis Biondi et al. 2008	Schaminee et al, 2012
Refugial submediterranean laurel-lime ravine forests of Apenninian Peninsula	Lauro nobilis-Tilion platyphylli Biondi et al. 2008		Schaminee et al, 2012
Aconito septentrionalis-Tilion cordatae Solomeshch et al. 1993 nom. inval.	Subthermophilous broad-leaved forests of forest-steppe zone of South Urals		Schaminee et al, 2012
Pulmonario longifoliae-Quercion roboris Rivas-Mart. et Izco in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002	Oceanic orocantabrian-pyreneean oak forests on gleyic soils of northern Iberian Peninsula	Polysticho-Fraxinion (O. de Bolo`s 1973) Rameau 1996; Polysticho setiferi-Quercion roboris Ge´hu 2007; Dryopterido affinis-Fraxinion excelsioris (Vanden Berghen 1969) Boeuf et al. 2011; Pulmonario longifoliae-Quercion roboris Rivas-Mart. et al. 2001; Polysticho-Corylion (Vanden Berghen 1969) Ge´hu et Ge´hu-Franck 1988; Polysticho setiferi-Fraxinion excelsioris Ge´hu 2007; Polysticho setiferi-Fraxinion excelsioris Rameau ex Royer et al. 2006	Schaminee et al, 2012
Castaneo-Carpinion betuli Quézel et al. 1992	Thermophilous extrazonal hornbeam forests of central and easten regions of Balkan Peninsula	Castaneo-Carpinion betuli Quézel et al. 1980	Schaminee et al, 2012
Mesophilous broad-leaved ravine ash-maple forests of Balkan Peninsula	Rhododendro pontici-Fagetalia orientalis Passarge 1981		Schaminee et al, 2012

Species mentioned in habitat description

Flowering Plants Fraxinus ornus

Flowering Plants Quercus petraea

Flowering Plants Quercus pubescens

Flowering Plants Quercus robur

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Fraxinus ornus		Flowering Plants
Quercus petraea		Flowering Plants
Quercus pubescens		Flowering Plants
Quercus robur		Flowering Plants

Other classifications

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
CORINE Land Cover	3.1.1.	Broad-leaved forest	n/a
BEAR Forest Types for Biodiversity Assessment	09	Mixed oak forest	overlap
BEAR Forest Types for Biodiversity Assessment	10	Ashwood	overlap
Phase 1 habitat classification (UK) 1993	A111	Woodland: broadleaved, semi-natural	overlap
Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Habitats (UK)	3	Upland mixed ashwoods	narrower
Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Habitats (UK)	1	Upland oakwood	overlap
Milieux Naturels de Suisse 1998	6.3.1	Erablaie de ravin méso-hygrophile	narrower
Milieux Naturels de Suisse 1998	6.3.3	Chênaie à charmes	narrower
Milieux Naturels de Suisse 1998	6.3.2	Tiliaie thermophile sur éboulis ou lapiez	narrower

For relation to plant communities (syntaxa), see Vegetation types

History

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410	G1.A	Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus and related woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308	G1.A	Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus and related woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202	G1.A	Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus and related woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910	G1.A	Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus and related woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811	G1.A	Woodland with Castanea sativa, Carpinus betulus, Tilia or Sorbus aucuparia	same

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