EUNIS habitat classification 2017 > R - Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens > R4 - Alpine and subalpine grasslands > R45 - Alpine and subalpine calcareous grassland of the Balkans and Apennines

Alpine and subalpine calcareous grassland of the Balkans and Apennines

Description (English)

Grass-dominated vegetation of base-rich soils in the high mountains in the Balkans and Apennines including both primary vegetation above the tree line but also secondary grasslands maintained by grazing at lower altitudes.

Source: EUNIS habitat classification

Quick facts

EUNIS habitat type	code R45
Relation to	Annex I habitat types (EU Habitats Directive)
Relation to	Resolution 4 habitat type (used for designation of Emerald sites)

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Legal text	Annex	Name in legal text	Code in legal text	Habitat type relationship	More information
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007	Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation	Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands	6170	Narrower	http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Calcareous alpine and subalpine grassland	E4.4	Narrower	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Not available

Indicator species

Diagnostic species

Constant species

Dominant species

Flowering Plants Edraianthus graminifolius

Flowering Plants Trinia dalechampii

Flowering Plants Asyneuma limonifolium

Flowering Plants Sesleria nitida

Flowering Plants Pedicularis brachyodonta

Flowering Plants Achillea ageratifolia

Flowering Plants Anthyllis aurea

Flowering Plants Pedicularis elegans

Flowering Plants Paronychia macedonica

Flowering Plants Minuartia verna

Flowering Plants Androsace villosa

Diagnostic species occur concentrated in the habitat in question, but are absent or rare in other habitats. They are good positive indicators of the habitat, but they do not need to occur in every location of the habitat.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Edraianthus graminifolius		Flowering Plants
Trinia dalechampii		Flowering Plants
Asyneuma limonifolium		Flowering Plants
Sesleria nitida		Flowering Plants
Pedicularis brachyodonta		Flowering Plants
Achillea ageratifolia		Flowering Plants
Anthyllis aurea		Flowering Plants
Pedicularis elegans		Flowering Plants
Paronychia macedonica		Flowering Plants
Minuartia verna		Flowering Plants
Androsace villosa		Flowering Plants

Flowering Plants Anthyllis vulneraria

Flowering Plants Thymus praecox

Flowering Plants Minuartia verna

Flowering Plants Edraianthus graminifolius

Flowering Plants Helianthemum canum

Flowering Plants Teucrium montanum

Flowering Plants Poa alpina

Flowering Plants Dianthus sylvestris

Flowering Plants Gentiana verna

Flowering Plants Asperula aristata

Flowering Plants Saxifraga paniculata

Flowering Plants Helianthemum nummularium

Flowering Plants Asyneuma limonifolium

Flowering Plants Koeleria lobata

Constant species occur frequently in the habitat, but they may include generalist species that are also frequent in other habitats.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Anthyllis vulneraria		Flowering Plants
Thymus praecox		Flowering Plants
Minuartia verna		Flowering Plants
Edraianthus graminifolius		Flowering Plants
Helianthemum canum		Flowering Plants
Teucrium montanum		Flowering Plants
Poa alpina		Flowering Plants
Dianthus sylvestris		Flowering Plants
Gentiana verna		Flowering Plants
Asperula aristata		Flowering Plants
Saxifraga paniculata		Flowering Plants
Helianthemum nummularium		Flowering Plants
Asyneuma limonifolium		Flowering Plants
Koeleria lobata		Flowering Plants

Flowering Plants Sesleria nitida

Dominant species are those that often reach high cover in the habitat, thus determining the habitat physiognomy.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Sesleria nitida		Flowering Plants

Please note that a maximum of 20 species of each indicator category is shown.

Other classifications

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 2007 (revised descriptions 2012)	E4.4	Calcareous alpine and subalpine grassland	narrower
European Red List of Habitats	E4.4b	Alpine and subalpine calcareous grassland of the Balkan and Apennines	same

For relation to plant communities (syntaxa), see Vegetation types

History

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410	E4.4	Calcareous alpine and subalpine grassland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308	E4.4	Calciphilous alpine and subalpine grassland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202	E4.4	Calciphilous alpine and subalpine grassland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910	E4.4	Calciphilous alpine and subalpine grassland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811	E4.3	Calciphilous alpine and subalpine grassland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199712	E4.3	Calciphilous alpine grassland	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 199905	36.4	Boreo-Alpic calciphilous alpine grasslands	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1997	36.4	Boreo-Alpic calciphilous alpine grasslands	same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1996	36.4		same
Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1993	36.4		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1991	36.4		same
CORINE Biotopes Classification 1989	36.4		same

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