Temperate mountain Abies forest
Description (English)
Forests of European silver fir (Abies alba) in temperate mountains, often with European beech (Fagus sylvatica), and Norway spruce (Picea abies) where site conditions are harsher at higher altitudes. In the southern Black Sea region and the Caucasus, the dominant species is Caucasian fir (Abies nordmanniana), often with an admixture of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) and Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis). At most sites, fir forests occur on acidic soils though extending on to more base-rich and mesotrophic soils where distinctive contingents of herbs augment or replace the usually heathy field layer.
Source: EUNIS habitat classification
Quick facts
| EUNIS habitat type | code T32 |
|---|---|
| Relation to | Resolution 4 habitat type (used for designation of Emerald sites) |
Legal status
Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments
Vegetation types
Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)
Not availableIndicator species
Conifers
Abies alba
Flowering Plants
Prenanthes purpurea
Flowering Plants
Lonicera nigra
Flowering Plants
Fagus sylvatica
Flowering Plants
Oxalis acetosella
Flowering Plants
Galium odoratum
Ferns
Dryopteris filix-mas
Flowering Plants
Polygonatum verticillatum
Ferns
Athyrium filix-femina
Flowering Plants
Veronica urticifolia
Flowering Plants
Senecio nemorensis
Conifers
Picea abies
Flowering Plants
Luzula nivea
Flowering Plants
Acer pseudoplatanus
Flowering Plants
Sambucus racemosa
Flowering Plants
Hordelymus europaeus
Flowering Plants
Viola reichenbachiana
Diagnostic species occur concentrated in the habitat in question, but are absent or rare in other habitats. They are good positive indicators of the habitat, but they do not need to occur in every location of the habitat.
| Species scientific name | English common name | Species group |
|---|---|---|
| Abies alba | Conifers | |
| Prenanthes purpurea | Flowering Plants | |
| Lonicera nigra | Flowering Plants | |
| Fagus sylvatica | Flowering Plants | |
| Oxalis acetosella | Flowering Plants | |
| Galium odoratum | Flowering Plants | |
| Dryopteris filix-mas | Ferns | |
| Polygonatum verticillatum | Flowering Plants | |
| Athyrium filix-femina | Ferns | |
| Veronica urticifolia | Flowering Plants | |
| Senecio nemorensis | Flowering Plants | |
| Picea abies | Conifers | |
| Luzula nivea | Flowering Plants | |
| Acer pseudoplatanus | Flowering Plants | |
| Sambucus racemosa | Flowering Plants | |
| Hordelymus europaeus | Flowering Plants | |
| Viola reichenbachiana | Flowering Plants |
Conifers
Abies alba
Flowering Plants
Fagus sylvatica
Flowering Plants
Oxalis acetosella
Conifers
Picea abies
Flowering Plants
Sorbus aucuparia
Flowering Plants
Prenanthes purpurea
Ferns
Dryopteris filix-mas
Ferns
Athyrium filix-femina
Flowering Plants
Vaccinium myrtillus
Flowering Plants
Rubus idaeus
Flowering Plants
Rubus fruticosus
Flowering Plants
Acer pseudoplatanus
Flowering Plants
Fragaria vesca
Flowering Plants
Galium odoratum
Flowering Plants
Viola reichenbachiana
Flowering Plants
Corylus avellana
Flowering Plants
Senecio nemorensis
Mosses & Liverworts
Polytrichastrum formosum
Constant species occur frequently in the habitat, but they may include generalist species that are also frequent in other habitats.
| Species scientific name | English common name | Species group |
|---|---|---|
| Abies alba | Conifers | |
| Fagus sylvatica | Flowering Plants | |
| Oxalis acetosella | Flowering Plants | |
| Picea abies | Conifers | |
| Sorbus aucuparia | Flowering Plants | |
| Prenanthes purpurea | Flowering Plants | |
| Dryopteris filix-mas | Ferns | |
| Athyrium filix-femina | Ferns | |
| Vaccinium myrtillus | Flowering Plants | |
| Rubus idaeus | Flowering Plants | |
| Rubus fruticosus | Flowering Plants | |
| Acer pseudoplatanus | Flowering Plants | |
| Fragaria vesca | Flowering Plants | |
| Galium odoratum | Flowering Plants | |
| Viola reichenbachiana | Flowering Plants | |
| Corylus avellana | Flowering Plants | |
| Senecio nemorensis | Flowering Plants | |
| Polytrichastrum formosum | Mosses & Liverworts |
Conifers
Abies alba
Flowering Plants
Fagus sylvatica
Conifers
Picea abies
Flowering Plants
Vaccinium myrtillus
Flowering Plants
Oxalis acetosella
Flowering Plants
Rubus fruticosus
Mosses & Liverworts
Hylocomium splendens
Dominant species are those that often reach high cover in the habitat, thus determining the habitat physiognomy.
| Species scientific name | English common name | Species group |
|---|---|---|
| Abies alba | Conifers | |
| Fagus sylvatica | Flowering Plants | |
| Picea abies | Conifers | |
| Vaccinium myrtillus | Flowering Plants | |
| Oxalis acetosella | Flowering Plants | |
| Rubus fruticosus | Flowering Plants | |
| Hylocomium splendens | Mosses & Liverworts |
Other classifications
| Classification | Code | Habitat type name | Relationship type |
|---|---|---|---|
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 2007 (revised descriptions 2012) | G3.1 | Abies and Picea woodland | narrower |
| European Red List of Habitats | G3.1b | Temperate mountain Abies woodland | same |
History
| Classification | Code | Habitat type name | Relationship type | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410 | G3.1 | Abies and Picea woodland | same | |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308 | G3.1 | Abies and Picea woodland | same | |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202 | G3.1 | Abies and Picea woodland | same | |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910 | G3.1 | Abies and Picea woodland | same | |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811 | G3.1 | Abies and Picea woodland | same |
