Caledonian forest
Description (English)
Relict, indigenous Scots pine forests of endemic Pinus sylvestris var. scotica, limited to the central and northeastern Grampians of Scotland. They are mostly open and have a ground layer usually rich in ericaceous species and mosses, in particular, Hylocomium splendens, and often harbouring, together with abundant Deschampsia flexuosa, Goodyera repens, Listera cordata, Corallorhiza trifida, Linnaea borealis, Trientalis europaea, Pyrola minor, Moneses uniflora, Orthilia secunda. Accompanying, dominated, tree species include Juniperus communis, Sorbus aucuparia, Betula pubescens, Betula pendula, Ilex aquifolium, Populus tremula.
Source:
EUNIS habitat classification
Interpretation Manual of the habitats targeted by Resolution No. 4
Quick facts
| EUNIS habitat type | code G3.41 |
|---|---|
| Bern Convention | Resolution 4 habitat type (used for designation of Emerald sites) |
| Relation to | Annex I habitat types (EU Habitats Directive) |
Legal status
Mentioned in the following international legal instruments and agreements
Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments
| Legal text | Annex | Name in legal text | Code in legal text |
Habitat type relationship |
More information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - consolidated version 01/01/2007 | Annex I: natural habitat types of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation | Caledonian forest | 91C0 | Same | http://ec.europa.eu/environm...rective/index_en.htm |
Vegetation types
Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)
Not availableSpecies mentioned in habitat description
Conifers
Juniperus communis
Conifers
Pinus sylvestris var. scotica
Flowering Plants
Betula pendula
Flowering Plants
Betula pubescens
Flowering Plants
Corallorhiza trifida
Flowering Plants
Deschampsia flexuosa
Flowering Plants
Goodyera repens
Flowering Plants
Ilex aquifolium
Flowering Plants
Linnaea borealis
Flowering Plants
Listera cordata
Flowering Plants
Moneses uniflora
Flowering Plants
Orthilia secunda
Flowering Plants
Populus tremula
Flowering Plants
Pyrola minor
Flowering Plants
Sorbus aucuparia
Flowering Plants
Trientalis europaea
Mosses & Liverworts
Hylocomium splendens
| Species scientific name | English common name | Species group |
|---|---|---|
| Juniperus communis | Conifers | |
| Pinus sylvestris var. scotica | Conifers | |
| Betula pendula | Flowering Plants | |
| Betula pubescens | Flowering Plants | |
| Corallorhiza trifida | Flowering Plants | |
| Deschampsia flexuosa | Flowering Plants | |
| Goodyera repens | Flowering Plants | |
| Ilex aquifolium | Flowering Plants | |
| Linnaea borealis | Flowering Plants | |
| Listera cordata | Flowering Plants | |
| Moneses uniflora | Flowering Plants | |
| Orthilia secunda | Flowering Plants | |
| Populus tremula | Flowering Plants | |
| Pyrola minor | Flowering Plants | |
| Sorbus aucuparia | Flowering Plants | |
| Trientalis europaea | Flowering Plants | |
| Hylocomium splendens | Mosses & Liverworts |
Other classifications
| Classification | Code | Habitat type name | Relationship type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 200112 | 42.51 | Caledonian forest | source |
| CORINE Land Cover | 3.1.2. | Coniferous forest | n/a |
| BEAR Forest Types for Biodiversity Assessment | 05 | Middle and south boreal and hemiboreal pine forest | wider |
| Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Habitats (UK) | 6 | Native pinewoods | same |
| National Vegetation Classification (UK) | W18 | Pinus sylvestris-Hylocomium splendens woodland | narrower |
History
| Classification | Code | Habitat type name | Relationship type |
|---|---|---|---|
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410 | G3.41 | Caledonian forest | same |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308 | G3.41 | Caledonian forest | same |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202 | G3.41 | Caledonian forest | same |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910 | G3.41 | Caledonian forest | same |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811 | G3.41 | Caledonian forest | same |
| EUNIS Habitat Classification 199712 | G3.51 | Caledonian forest | same |
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 199905 | 42.51 | Caledonian forest | same |
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1997 | 42.51 | Caledonian forest | same |
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1996 | 42.51 | same | |
| Palaearctic Habitat Classification 1993 | 42.51 | same | |
| CORINE Biotopes Classification 1991 | 42.51 | same | |
| CORINE Biotopes Classification 1989 | 42.51 | same |
