EUNIS habitat classification 2017 > T - Forest and other wooded land > T2 - Broadleaved evergreen forest > T21 - Mediterranean evergreen Quercus forest

Mediterranean evergreen Quercus forest

Description (English)

Forest dominated by evergreen broadleaved oaks (most widely Quercus ilex) with associated sclerophyllous and laurophyllous trees and shrubs in the summer-drought climate of the Mediterranean lowlands and foothills. The tree canopy is often low and much modified, with widespread transitions to maquis/matorral and open dehesa/montado wood pasture.

Source: EUNIS habitat classification

Quick facts

EUNIS habitat type	code T21
Relation to	Resolution 4 habitat type (used for designation of Emerald sites)

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Legal text	Annex	Name in legal text	Code in legal text	Habitat type relationship	More information
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Quercus suber forests	9330	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests	9340	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Scrub and low forest vegetation with Quercus alnifolia	9390	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]
Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats	Revised Annex I of Resolution 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention on endangered natural habitats types using the EUNIS habitat classification (year of revision 2010)	Woodlands with Quercus infectoria (Anagyro foetidae-Quercetum infectoriae)	93A0	Wider	https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc....ckColorLogged=FDC864 Resolution No. 4 (1996) of the Bern Convention lists endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures [and the designation of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) forming the Emerald network]

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Not available

Indicator species

Diagnostic species

Constant species

Dominant species

Flowering Plants Quercus ilex

Flowering Plants Rubia peregrina

Flowering Plants Quercus rotundifolia

Flowering Plants Phillyrea latifolia

Flowering Plants Arbutus unedo

Flowering Plants Ruscus aculeatus

Flowering Plants Quercus suber

Flowering Plants Asparagus acutifolius

Flowering Plants Smilax aspera

Flowering Plants Carex distachya

Ferns Asplenium adiantum-nigrum

Flowering Plants Lonicera implexa

Diagnostic species occur concentrated in the habitat in question, but are absent or rare in other habitats. They are good positive indicators of the habitat, but they do not need to occur in every location of the habitat.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Quercus ilex		Flowering Plants
Rubia peregrina		Flowering Plants
Quercus rotundifolia		Flowering Plants
Phillyrea latifolia		Flowering Plants
Arbutus unedo		Flowering Plants
Ruscus aculeatus		Flowering Plants
Quercus suber		Flowering Plants
Asparagus acutifolius		Flowering Plants
Smilax aspera		Flowering Plants
Carex distachya		Flowering Plants
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum		Ferns
Lonicera implexa		Flowering Plants

Flowering Plants Rubia peregrina

Flowering Plants Quercus ilex

Flowering Plants Asparagus acutifolius

Flowering Plants Smilax aspera

Flowering Plants Ruscus aculeatus

Flowering Plants Phillyrea latifolia

Flowering Plants Hedera helix

Flowering Plants Arbutus unedo

Ferns Asplenium adiantum-nigrum

Flowering Plants Quercus pubescens

Flowering Plants Erica arborea

Flowering Plants Crataegus monogyna

Flowering Plants Brachypodium retusum

Flowering Plants Quercus rotundifolia

Conifers Juniperus oxycedrus

Flowering Plants Pistacia lentiscus

Flowering Plants Rubus ulmifolius

Flowering Plants Quercus coccifera

Flowering Plants Lonicera implexa

Flowering Plants Rhamnus alaternus

Constant species occur frequently in the habitat, but they may include generalist species that are also frequent in other habitats.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Rubia peregrina		Flowering Plants
Quercus ilex		Flowering Plants
Asparagus acutifolius		Flowering Plants
Smilax aspera		Flowering Plants
Ruscus aculeatus		Flowering Plants
Phillyrea latifolia		Flowering Plants
Hedera helix		Flowering Plants
Arbutus unedo		Flowering Plants
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum		Ferns
Quercus pubescens		Flowering Plants
Erica arborea		Flowering Plants
Crataegus monogyna		Flowering Plants
Brachypodium retusum		Flowering Plants
Quercus rotundifolia		Flowering Plants
Juniperus oxycedrus		Conifers
Pistacia lentiscus		Flowering Plants
Rubus ulmifolius		Flowering Plants
Quercus coccifera		Flowering Plants
Lonicera implexa		Flowering Plants
Rhamnus alaternus		Flowering Plants

Flowering Plants Quercus ilex

Flowering Plants Quercus rotundifolia

Flowering Plants Quercus suber

Flowering Plants Quercus coccifera

Flowering Plants Hedera helix

Flowering Plants Buxus sempervirens

Flowering Plants Arbutus unedo

Dominant species are those that often reach high cover in the habitat, thus determining the habitat physiognomy.

Species scientific name	English common name	Species group
Quercus ilex		Flowering Plants
Quercus rotundifolia		Flowering Plants
Quercus suber		Flowering Plants
Quercus coccifera		Flowering Plants
Hedera helix		Flowering Plants
Buxus sempervirens		Flowering Plants
Arbutus unedo		Flowering Plants

Please note that a maximum of 20 species of each indicator category is shown.

Other classifications

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 2007 (revised descriptions 2012)	G2.1	Mediterranean evergreen Quercus woodland	same
European Red List of Habitats	G2.1	Mediterranean evergreen Quercus woodland	same

For relation to plant communities (syntaxa), see Vegetation types

History

Classification	Code	Habitat type name	Relationship type
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200410	G2.1	Mediterranean evergreen Quercus woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308	G2.1	Mediterranean evergreen Quercus woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202	G2.1	Mediterranean evergreen Quercus woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199910	G2.1	Mediterranean evergreen Quercus woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199811	G2.1	Mediterranean evergreen Quercus woodland	same
EUNIS Habitat Classification 199712	G2.1	Mediterranean oak woodland	same

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Mediterranean evergreen Quercus forest

Description (English)

Quick facts

Legal status

Relation to other habitat types mentioned in legal instruments

Vegetation types

Relation to vegetation types (syntaxa)

Indicator species

Other classifications

History