Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree

Description (English)

Screes of warm exposures in the Alps and the Pyrenees, of calcareous substrates in the Pyrenees, of Mediterranean mountains, hills and lowlands and, locally, of warm, sunny middle European upland or lowland sites. The vegetation belongs to the Androsacetalia alpinae p., Thlaspietalia rotundifolii p., Stipetalia calamagrostis and Polystichetalia lonchitis orders.
The following subtypes are included:
Pal. 61.31 Peri-Alpine thermophilous screes. Stipion calamagrostidis, Leontodontion hyoseroidis.
Mostly coarse, unstabilised, sunny calcareous screes of the montane and subalpine levels of the Alps and of the uplands and lowlands of western and central middle Europe.
Pal. 61.32 Provençal screes. Pimpinello-Gouffeion.
Screes of Mediterranean southern France, with Gouffeia arenarioides, Ptychotis heterophylla, Linaria supina, Centranthus ruber, Crucianella latifolia.
Pal. 61.33 Pyreneo-Alpine thermo-siliceous screes. Senecion leucophyllae, Taraxacion pyrenaici.
Siliceous screes of warm slopes of the subalpine level of the Alps and of the alpine and subalpine levels of the Pyrenees, usually composed largely of big stones or boulders, with Senecio leucophyllus, Taraxacum pyrenaicum, Galeopsis pyrenaica, Xatardia scabra, Armeria alpina.
Pal. 61.34 Pyrenean calcareous screes. Iberidion spathulatae.
Calcareous screes of the Pyrenees.
Pal. 61.35 Oro-Cantabrian calcareous screes. Linarion filicaulis, Saxifragion praetermissae.
Basiphile screes of the Cordillera Cantabrica.
Pal. 61.36 Oro-Cantabrian siliceous screes. Linarion filicaulis p., Linario-Senecion carpetani p.
Siliceous screes of the Cordillera Cantabrica; floristically rich formations of the "dark" screes of the Cordillera are related to those of Pal. 61.351, though somewhat intermediate towards Pal. 61.38; other more species-poor ones, characterised by Trisetum hispidum and Rumex suffruticosus, belong to the latter.
Pal. 61.37 Iberian fern screes. Dryopteridion oreadis, Dryopteridion submontanae.
Fern-dominated chaotic, boulder fields of siliceous and calcareous Iberian mountains.
Pal. 61.38 Carpetano-Iberian siliceous screes. Linario-Senecion carpetani.
Screes of the Cordillera Central, the Iberian Range, the Leonese mountains, with Linaria saxatilis, Linaria alpina, Digitalis purpurea var. carpetana, Senecio pyrenaicus ssp. carpetanus, Rumex suffruticosus, Santolina oblongifolia, Conopodium bunioides, Reseda gredensis.
Pal. 61.39 Nevadan siliceous screes. Holcion caespitosae.
Siliceous screes of the high levels of the Sierra Nevada, very rich in endemics.
Pal. 61.3A Southern Iberian calcareous screes. Platycapno-Iberidion granatensis, Scrophularion sciaphilae
Screes of the calcareous Baetic mountains of southern and southeastern Iberia.
Pal. 61.3B Central Mediterranean screes
Screes of the Italian peninsula and of the large Mediterranean islands.