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Source: Schaminée, J.H.J., Chytrý, M., Hennekens, S.M., Mucina, L., Rodwell, J.S. & Tichý, L. (2012): Development of vegetation syntaxa crosswalks to EUNIS habitat classification and related data sets
| Name | Definition | Synonyms | EUNIS habitat type | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cassiopo-Salicion herbaceae Nordhagen 1943 | Arctic and boreo-arctic snow-bed dwarf-scrub communities on siliceous substrates of Scandinavia, Svalbard, Iceland and Greenland | Herbaceion Du Rietz 1950 (orig. form); Herbaceion Gjaerevoll 1956 (orig. form); Luzulion arcticae (Nordhagen 1936) Gjaervoll 1956; Luzulion nivalis Nordhagen 1936; Salicion herbaceae Du Rietz 1942; Cassiopeto-Salicion herbaceae Nordhagen 1936 (orig. form) | Vegetated snow-patch | E4.1 |
| Cassiopo-Salicion herbaceae Nordhagen 1943 | Arctic and boreo-arctic snow-bed dwarf-scrub communities on siliceous substrates of Scandinavia, Svalbard, Iceland and Greenland | Herbaceion Du Rietz 1950 (orig. form); Herbaceion Gjaerevoll 1956 (orig. form); Luzulion arcticae (Nordhagen 1936) Gjaervoll 1956; Luzulion nivalis Nordhagen 1936; Salicion herbaceae Du Rietz 1942; Cassiopeto-Salicion herbaceae Nordhagen 1936 (orig. form) | Subarctic and alpine dwarf willow scrub | F2.1 |
| Castaneo-Carpinion betuli Quézel et al. 1992 | Thermophilous extrazonal hornbeam forests of central and easten regions of Balkan Peninsula | Castaneo-Carpinion betuli Quézel et al. 1980 | Meso- and eutrophic [Quercus], [Carpinus], [Fraxinus], [Acer], [Tilia], [Ulmus] and related woodland | G1.A |
| Castaneo-Quercion petraeae Soó 1964 | Submediterranean acidophilous chestnut-oak forests of Balkans and southeastern Europe | Castaneo-Quercion petraeae Soó 1962; Quercion moesiacum P. Fukarek 1969; Calluno-Quercion P. Fukarek in Fabijanic, P. Fukarek et Stefanovic 1963 | Acidophilous [Quercus]-dominated woodland | G1.8 |
| Caucalidion von Rochow 1951 | Weed communities of cereal crops on base-rich soils in Central Europe | Caucalidion platycarpi von Rochow 1951 nom. mut. propos.; Camelinion microcarpae Ries 1991; Caucalidion Tx. ex Oberd. 1957; Caucalidion lappulae eurosibiricum Tx. 1950; Centaurion cyani Lakušic 1962; Centaurion cyani Redžic 2007; Secalinion Br.-Bl. 1931; Secalinion Libbert 1933 (orig. form); Secalinion medioeuropaeum Tx. 1937 (orig. form); Secalinion orientalis Slavnic 1951; Triticion sativae Klika in Klika et Novák 1941; Sherardion arvensis Kropác et Hejný in Kropác 1978; Eu-Secalinion (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1936) Sissingh in Westhoff et al. 1946; Eu-Secalinion Sissingh et Tidemann 1960 (orig. form) | Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods | I1.3 |
| Caucalidion von Rochow 1951 | Weed communities of cereal crops on base-rich soils in Central Europe | Caucalidion platycarpi von Rochow 1951 nom. mut. propos.; Camelinion microcarpae Ries 1991; Caucalidion Tx. ex Oberd. 1957; Caucalidion lappulae eurosibiricum Tx. 1950; Centaurion cyani Lakušic 1962; Centaurion cyani Redžic 2007; Secalinion Br.-Bl. 1931; Secalinion Libbert 1933 (orig. form); Secalinion medioeuropaeum Tx. 1937 (orig. form); Secalinion orientalis Slavnic 1951; Triticion sativae Klika in Klika et Novák 1941; Sherardion arvensis Kropác et Hejný in Kropác 1978; Eu-Secalinion (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1936) Sissingh in Westhoff et al. 1946; Eu-Secalinion Sissingh et Tidemann 1960 (orig. form) | Intensive unmixed crops | I1.1 |
| Centaureo carbonatae-Koelerion talievii Romashchenko et al. 1996 | Dry steppe grasslands on chernozem soils on south-facing slopes of Central Russian Highland | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | E1.1 | |
| Centaureo dalmaticae-Campanulion Horvatic 1934 | Thermophilous chasmophytic vegetation of limestone crevices of northern Adriatic coasts | Aurinio-Capparion Lovric in Lovric et Rac 1987 | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 |
| Centaureo filiformis-Micromerion cordatae Arrigoni et Di Tommaso 1991 | Calcicolous rupicolous vegetation of Sardinian mountains | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 | |
| Centaureo-Bromion fibrosi Blecic et al. 1969 | Ultramafic xeric rocky grasslands of Kosovo, Serbia, northern Macedonia and Albania | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | E1.1 | |
| Centaureo-Portenschlagiellion Trinajstic 1980 | Thermophilous chasmophytic vegetation of limestone crevices of central and southern Adriatic coasts | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 | |
| Centaurion sumensis Golub et Uzhametskaya 1992 | Continental relict rocky steppes of Middle Volga valley | Perennial calcareous grassland and basic steppes | E1.2 | |
| Cerastio arctici-Saxifragion cernuae H. Hartmann ex Mucina all. nov. hoc loco | Cophorphilous plant communities of ruderal sites and bird cliffs of Spitsbergen | Cerastio arctici-Saxifragion cernuae H. Hartmann 1980 | Fjell fields and other freeze-thaw features with very sparse or no vegetation | H5.1 |
| Cerastio-Astragalion nebrodensis Pignatti et Nimis ex S. Brullo 1984 | Meso-oromediterranean calciphilous pulvinate scrub and related grasslands of Madonie and Nebrodi (Sicilia) | Cerastio-Astragalion nebrodensis Pignatti et Nimis in E. Pignatti et al. 1980 | Hedgehog-heaths | F7.4 |
| Ceratonio-Pistacion lentisci Zohary ex Zohary et Orshan 1959 | Sclerophyllous scrub of thermomediterranean belt of Eastern Mediterranean | Ceratonio-Pistacion creticum Zohary et Orshan 1966; Ceratonio-Pistacion lentisci Zohary 1955; Ceratonio siliquae-Rhamnion oleoidis Barbero et Quézel ex Quézel et al. 1992; Ceratonio-Rhamnion oleoidis Barbero et Quézel 1979 | Thermo-Mediterranean scrub | F5.5 |
| Ceratonio-Pistacion lentisci Zohary ex Zohary et Orshan 1959 | Sclerophyllous scrub of thermomediterranean belt of Eastern Mediterranean | Ceratonio-Pistacion creticum Zohary et Orshan 1966; Ceratonio-Pistacion lentisci Zohary 1955; Ceratonio siliquae-Rhamnion oleoidis Barbero et Quézel ex Quézel et al. 1992; Ceratonio-Rhamnion oleoidis Barbero et Quézel 1979 | Maquis | F5.2 |
| Ceratonio-Pistacion lentisci Zohary ex Zohary et Orshan 1959 | Sclerophyllous scrub of thermomediterranean belt of Eastern Mediterranean | Ceratonio-Pistacion creticum Zohary et Orshan 1966; Ceratonio-Pistacion lentisci Zohary 1955; Ceratonio siliquae-Rhamnion oleoidis Barbero et Quézel ex Quézel et al. 1992; Ceratonio-Rhamnion oleoidis Barbero et Quézel 1979 | [Olea europaea] - [Ceratonia siliqua] woodland | G2.4 |
| Ceratonio-Pistacion lentisci Zohary ex Zohary et Orshan 1959 | Sclerophyllous scrub of thermomediterranean belt of Eastern Mediterranean | Ceratonio-Pistacion creticum Zohary et Orshan 1966; Ceratonio-Pistacion lentisci Zohary 1955; Ceratonio siliquae-Rhamnion oleoidis Barbero et Quézel ex Quézel et al. 1992; Ceratonio-Rhamnion oleoidis Barbero et Quézel 1979 | Lowland to montane mediterranean [Pinus] woodland (excluding [Pinus nigra]) | G3.7 |
| Cerintho majoris-Fedion cornucopiae Rivas-Mart. et Izco ex Peinado et al. 1986 | Segetal vegetation on lime-rich clays in thermomediterranean belt of southern Iberian Peninsula | Cerintho-Mandragorion Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1963; Cerintho-Mandragorion Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Izco 1977; Cerintho-Fedion cornucopiae Rivas-Mart. et Izco 1977 | Anthropogenic herb stands | E5.1 |
| Cerintho majoris-Fedion cornucopiae Rivas-Mart. et Izco ex Peinado et al. 1986 | Segetal vegetation on lime-rich clays in thermomediterranean belt of southern Iberian Peninsula | Cerintho-Mandragorion Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1963; Cerintho-Mandragorion Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Izco 1977; Cerintho-Fedion cornucopiae Rivas-Mart. et Izco 1977 | Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods | I1.3 |
| Chaerophyllion humilis Onipchenko 2002 | Subnival and upper alpine vegetation on siliceous screes and stone fields of Caucasus | Drabo scabrae-Eunomion rotundifoliae Belonovskaya 2012 | Temperate-montane acid siliceous screes | H2.3 |
| Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Pinion pallasianae Barbero et Quézel ex Quézel 1992 | Relict forests of Pinus nigra on calcareous, dolomitic and ophiolithic rocky slopes of southern Balkans | Pino pallasianae-Chamaecytision hirsuti Barbero et Quézel 1976; Pino-Chamaecytision Athanasiadis et al. 1992 | [Pinus nigra] woodland | G3.5 |
| Cheilanthion hispanicae Rivas Goday 1956 | Crevice vegetation on siliceous substrates of meso-supramediterranean belts of western Iberian Peninsula | Acid siliceous inland cliffs | H3.1 | |
| Cheilanthion pulchellae Sáenz de Rivas et Rivas-Mart. 1979 | Macaronesian rock crevice fern-rich vegetation of ultramafic substrates of regions of infra-mesomediterranean arid climate | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 | |
| Cheilanthion pulchellae Sáenz de Rivas et Rivas-Mart. 1979 | Macaronesian rock crevice fern-rich vegetation of ultramafic substrates of regions of infra-mesomediterranean arid climate | Macaronesian inland cliffs | H3.3 | |
| Chelidonio-Acerion negundi L. Ishbirdin et A. Ishbirdin 1989 | Eastern European sub-spontaneous groves and scrub of Acer negundo | Ulmo laevis-Acerion negundi Smetana et al. 1998; Ulmo carpinifoliae-Acerion negundi Smetana et al. 1997 | Temperate thickets and scrub | F3.1 |
| Chelidonio-Robinion Hadac et Sofron 1980 nom. inval. | Robinia groves with weedy understorey on nutrient-rich mesic soils of Central and Eastern Europe | Robinio pseudacaciae-Ulmion minoris Julve 1993 | Small broadleaved deciduous anthropogenic woodlands | G5.2 |
| Chelidonio-Robinion Hadac et Sofron 1980 nom. inval. | Robinia groves with weedy understorey on nutrient-rich mesic soils of Central and Eastern Europe | Robinio pseudacaciae-Ulmion minoris Julve 1993 | Highly artificial broadleaved deciduous forestry plantations | G1.C |
| Chenoleion tomentosae Sunding 1972 | Infra-thermomediterranean arid low scrub on sandy soils of Canary Islands | Chenoleidion tomentosae Sunding 1972 nom. mut. | Xero-halophile scrubs | F6.8 |
| Chenoleion tomentosae Sunding 1972 | Infra-thermomediterranean arid low scrub on sandy soils of Canary Islands | Chenoleidion tomentosae Sunding 1972 nom. mut. | Canary Island xerophytic scrub | F8.1 |
| Chenopodio albi-Descurainion sophiae V. Solomakha, T. Solomakha et Shelyag-Sosonko in Solomakha 1997 | Weed vegetation of cereal crops on chernozem in forest-steppe zone of Ukraine | Chenopodio albi-Descurainion sophiae V. Solomakha, T. Solomakha et Shelyag-Sosonko in Solomakha 1987; Chenopodio albi-Descurainion sophiae V. Solomakha, T. Solomakha et Shelyag-Sosonko in Solomakha 1988 | Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods | I1.3 |
| Chenopodio albi-Descurainion sophiae V. Solomakha, T. Solomakha et Shelyag-Sosonko in Solomakha 1997 | Weed vegetation of cereal crops on chernozem in forest-steppe zone of Ukraine | Chenopodio albi-Descurainion sophiae V. Solomakha, T. Solomakha et Shelyag-Sosonko in Solomakha 1987; Chenopodio albi-Descurainion sophiae V. Solomakha, T. Solomakha et Shelyag-Sosonko in Solomakha 1988 | Intensive unmixed crops | I1.1 |
| Chenopodion botryos S. Brullo et Marcenó 1980 | Weed vegetation on sandy acidic and nutrient-poor soils in thermo- and mesomediterrannean belts of Sicily | Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods | I1.3 | |
| Chenopodion muralis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1936 | Mediterranean nutrient-loving ruderal vegetation dominated by low-grown non-succulent herbs | Chenopodion murali Br.-Bl. 1931 (orig. form); Rudereto-Chenopodion Rothmaler 1943 (orig. form); Malvion parviflorae (Rivas-Mart. 1978) S. Brullo in S. Brullo et Marcenó 1985 | Anthropogenic herb stands | E5.1 |
| Chenopodion rubri (Tx. in Poli et J. Tx. 1960) Hilbig et Jage 1972 | Summer-annual pioneer vegetation of heavily nutrient-loaded and saline ruderal habitats of temperate Europe | Chenopodion rubri (Tx. in Poli et J. Tx. 1960) Kopecký 1969; Chenopodion fluviatile Tx. in Poli et J. Tx. 1960; Chenopodion glauci Hejný 1974; Chenopodion rubri Oberd. et al. 1967; Chenopodion rubri Soó 1968; Chenopodion rubri Soó 1969; Chenopodion rubro-polyspermi Passarge 1978; Chenopodion rubri (Tx. in Poli et J. Tx. 1960) Dobrescu et Kovács 1972 | Periodically inundated shores with pioneer and ephemeral vegetation | C3.5 |
| Chrysanthemo rotundifolii-Piceion (Krajina 1934) Brezina et Hadac in Hadac 1962 | Herb-rich mesophilous spruce forests of Central and north European mountains | Athyrio alpestris-Piceion excelsae Sýkora 1971; Chrysanthemion rotundifolii Krajina 1933; Chrysanthemion rotundifolii Krajina 1934 | [Abies] and [Picea] woodland | G3.1 |
| Chrysopogono-Danthonion Kojic 1957 | Dry grasslands on deep soils over siliceous bedrocks in colline to submontane belts of south-central Balkans | Perennial calcareous grassland and basic steppes | E1.2 | |
| Chrysopogono-Festucion dalmaticae Borhidi 1996 | Xerophilous rocky steppic grasslands on calcareous substrates of southernmost montainous fringes of Pannonian Basin | Chrysopogono-Festucion pseudodalmaticae Coldea et Sarbu in Coldea 2012; Koelerio-Festucion dalmaticae N. Randelovic et Ružic 1983 | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | E1.1 |
| Chrysopogono-Saturejion subspicatae Horvat et Horvatic 1934 | Praealpic-Illyrian steppic pastures on shallow calcareous soils | Peucadanion neumeyeri (Ritter-Studnicka 1967) Lakušic 1978; Centaureion dichroanthae Pignatti 1952; Centaureion dichroanthae Pignatti 1953; Chrysopogono-Koelerion splendentis Horvatic 1973; Festucion illyricae (Horvat 1962) Trinajstic 2000; Saturejion subspicatae Horvat 1962; Saturejion subspicatae Horvat ex Horvatic 1973; Saturejion subspicatae Horvatic 1975; Saturejo subspicatae-Caricion humilis (Horvat 1962) Trinajstic 1999; Chrysopogono grylli-Saturejion subspicatae Horvat et Horvatic in Horvat et al. 1974 | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | E1.1 |
| Cicendion (Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et Borja 1961) Br.-Bl. 1967 | Pioneer ephemeral vegetation herb-rich of oligotrophic temporarily flooded depressions of Western Mediterranean | Eu-Nanocyperion flavescentis (Koch 1926) Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et Borja 1961 p.p.; Cicendio-Solenopsion laurentiae S. Brullo et Minissalle 1998 | Temporary lakes, ponds and pools | C1.6 |
| Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati Hadac et Klika in Klika et Hadac ex Klika 1951 | Meso-xerophytic basiphilous grasslands in sub-continental regions of Central and southeastern Europe | Carici humilis-Bromion erecti Redžic 1991; Carici humilis-Bromion erecti Redžic 1999; Cirsio acauli-Bromion erecti Redžic 1991; Cirsio acauli-Bromion erecti Redžic 1999; Danthonio-Brachypodion Boscaiu 1970; Danthonio-Festucion sulcatae Csurös et al. 1961; Danthonio-Stipion stenophyllae Ghisa 1947; Danthonio-Stipion stenophyllae Soó 1947; Danthonio-Stipion stenophyllae Soó 1949; Danthonio-Stipion tirsae Soó 1949 corr. 1971; Festucion sulcatae Soó 1929; Festucion sulcatae Soó 1938; Thymo comosi-Festucion sulcatae Pop 1968; Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati Hadac et Klika in Klika et Hadac 1944; Thymo comosi-Festucion rupicolae Pop 1968 nom. mut. propos. | Perennial calcareous grassland and basic steppes | E1.2 |
| Cirsion appendiculati Horvat et al. 1937 | Tall-herb communities on fertile soils at high altitudes of eastern and central Balkan Peninsula | Geion coccinei Horvat 1949; Geion coccinei Horvat 1960; Knautio-Veratrion albae Redžic et al. 2011; Mulgedion pancicii Lakušic 1979; Petasition doerfleri Lakušic 1968; Petasition doerfleri Lakušic 1970; Geion rhodopei V. Randelovic et N. Randelovic in Milosavlejic et al. 2008 | Subalpine moist or wet tall-herb and fern stands | E5.5 |
| Cirsion esculenti Golub 1994 | Mesophytic sub-saline pastures of steppe and forest-steppe zones of Russia, southern Siberia and eastern Kazakhstan | Cirsio-Hordeion brevisubulati Mirkin in Karpov et al. 1987; Artemision santonici Solomakha et Sipailova 1987; Geranion collini Golub et Saveleva 1987; Geranion collini Golub et Saveleva in Golub 1994; Cirsio-Hordeion brevisubulati Mirkin in Karpov et al. ex Golub 1994 | Inland saltmarshes | D6.1 |
| Cirsion flavispinae Quézel 1953 | Tall-herb communities on fertile soils at high altitudes of Sierra Nevada (Iberian Peninsula) | Subalpine moist or wet tall-herb and fern stands | E5.5 | |
| Cirsion richterano-chodati (Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984) Rivas-Mart. et al. 1991 | Cantabro-Pyreneean thistle-dominated ruderal vegetation at high-latitudes | Anthropogenic herb stands | E5.1 | |
| Cistion ladaniferi Br.-Bl. ex A. Bolós et O. Bolòs in A. Bolós 1950 | Thermomediterranean acidophilous coastal garrigue of western Tyrrhenian and Ligurian seaboards | Cistion medio-mediterraneum (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940) O. de Bolòs 1962; Cistion ladanifer Br.-Bl. 1931 (orig. form); Cistion ladaniferi Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl et al. 1940; Lavandulion stoechadis Julve 1993; Calicotomo spinosae-Cistion ladaniferi (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940) Rivas-Mart. 1979 | Western garrigues | F6.1 |
| Cistion ladaniferi Br.-Bl. ex A. Bolós et O. Bolòs in A. Bolós 1950 | Thermomediterranean acidophilous coastal garrigue of western Tyrrhenian and Ligurian seaboards | Cistion medio-mediterraneum (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940) O. de Bolòs 1962; Cistion ladanifer Br.-Bl. 1931 (orig. form); Cistion ladaniferi Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl et al. 1940; Lavandulion stoechadis Julve 1993; Calicotomo spinosae-Cistion ladaniferi (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940) Rivas-Mart. 1979 | Thermo-Mediterranean scrub | F5.5 |
| Cistion laurifolii Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et al. 1956 | North-central Iberian meso-supramediterranean acidophilous jarales and cantuesales | Cisto laurifolii-Lavandulion pedunculatae Rivas-Mart. 1968; Cistion laurifolii Rivas Goday 1949 | Supra-Mediterranean garrigues | F6.6 |
| Cistion laurifolii Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et al. 1956 | North-central Iberian meso-supramediterranean acidophilous jarales and cantuesales | Cisto laurifolii-Lavandulion pedunculatae Rivas-Mart. 1968; Cistion laurifolii Rivas Goday 1949 | Western garrigues | F6.1 |
| Cisto canariensis-Micromerion hyssopifoliae Pérez de Paz et al. 1990 corr. Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 2011 | Canarian semi-arid seral tomillar and related low scrub on shallow soils | Micromerio hyssopifoliae-Cistion monspeliensis Pérez de Paz et al. 1990 nom. invers. propos.; Micromerio hyssopifoliae-Cistion monspeliensis Pérez de Paz et al. 1990 corr. Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 2011 nom. corr. et nom. invers. propos; Cisto monspeliensis-Micromerion hyssopifoliae Pérez de Paz et al. 1990 | Canary Island xerophytic scrub | F8.1 |
| Cisto cretici-Ericion manipuliflorae Horvatic 1958 | Thermomediterranean calciphilous garrigue of Dalmatian and Istrian coastal regions | Thermo-Mediterranean scrub | F5.5 | |
| Cisto cretici-Ericion manipuliflorae Horvatic 1958 | Thermomediterranean calciphilous garrigue of Dalmatian and Istrian coastal regions | Illyrian garrigues | F6.3 | |
| Cisto cretici-Genistion corsicae Arrigoni et Di Tommaso 1991 | Cyrno-Sardean themomediterranean garrigue on brown soils and terra rossa | Thermo-Mediterranean scrub | F5.5 | |
| Cisto cretici-Genistion corsicae Arrigoni et Di Tommaso 1991 | Cyrno-Sardean themomediterranean garrigue on brown soils and terra rossa | Western garrigues | F6.1 | |
| Cisto eriocephali-Ericion multiflorae Biondi 2000 | Thermo- and mesomediterranean calciphilous garrigue of coastal regions of central and southern Apenninian Peninsula | Thermo-Mediterranean scrub | F5.5 | |
| Cisto eriocephali-Ericion multiflorae Biondi 2000 | Thermo- and mesomediterranean calciphilous garrigue of coastal regions of central and southern Apenninian Peninsula | Illyrian garrigues | F6.3 | |
| Cisto symphyfolii-Pinion canariensis Rivas Goday et Esteve ex Esteve 1969 | Canarian pine forests | Cisto symphyfolii-Pinion canariensis Rivas Goday et Esteve ex Sunding 1972; Cisto symphyfolii-Pinion canariensis Rivas Goday et Esteve 1965 | Canary Island [Pinus canariensis] woodland | G3.8 |
| Cladonio stellaris-Pinion sylvestris Kielland-Lund ex Ermakov et Morozova 2011 | North European and West Siberian boreal oligotrophic pine forests | Cladonio stellaris-Pinion sylvestris Kielland-Lund 1986 | [Pinus] taiga woodland | G3.B |
| Cladonio stellaris-Pinion sylvestris Kielland-Lund ex Ermakov et Morozova 2011 | North European and West Siberian boreal oligotrophic pine forests | Cladonio stellaris-Pinion sylvestris Kielland-Lund 1986 | [Larix] taiga woodland | G3.C |
| Cladonio-Viscarion alpinae Daniëls 1982 | Moderately chionophilous graminoid-lichen xerophilopus vegetation on thickniveo-aeolian soils on south-facing slopes in low Arctic regions of Scandinavia and Greenland | Moss and lichen dominated mountain summits, ridges and exposed slopes | E4.2 | |
| Climacoptero crassae-Suaedion acuminatae Golub et Corbadze 1989 corr. Lysenko ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2013 | Caspian desertic perennial chenopod scrub in wet depressions and alluvia | Climacoptero crassae-Suaedion salsae Golub et Corbadze 1989; Climacoptero crassae-Suaedion salsae Golub et Czorbadze 1988 | Continental inland salt steppes | E6.2 |
| Cochleariopsion groenlandicae Hadac 1989 | Therophyte-rich communities of disturbed soils with cryoturbation and solifluction of Spitzbergen | Fjell fields and other freeze-thaw features with very sparse or no vegetation | H5.1 | |
| Colchico cretensis-Cirsion morinifolii Bergmeier 2002 | Oromediterranean swards and grasslands on stony soils of grazed dolines and high plateaus of Crete | Hedgehog-heaths | F7.4 | |
| Conioselinion tatarici Golub et al. 2003 | Wet meadows of subarctic supralittoral of White Sea seaboards | Moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringes and meadows | E5.4 | |
| Conioselinion tatarici Golub et al. 2003 | Wet meadows of subarctic supralittoral of White Sea seaboards | Moist or wet eutrophic and mesotrophic grassland | E3.4 | |
| Conioselinion tatarici Golub et al. 2003 | Wet meadows of subarctic supralittoral of White Sea seaboards | Low and medium altitude hay meadows | E2.2 | |
| Convallario majalis-Quercion roboris Shevchyk et Solomakha in Shevchyk et al. 1996 | Acidophilous oak forests on gleyic podzolized soils of Ukraine | Acidophilous [Quercus]-dominated woodland | G1.8 | |
| Convallario majalis-Quercion roboris Shevchyk et Solomakha in Shevchyk et al. 1996 | Acidophilous oak forests on gleyic podzolized soils of Ukraine | Thermophilous deciduous woodland | G1.7 | |
| Convolvulo-Agropyrion Görs 1967 | Anthropogenec semi-ruderal and ruderal grasslands of tempetrate Europe | Calamagrostio-Elytrigion Doing 1974; Convolvulo-Elytrigion Doing 1974; Rubo caesii-Calamagrostion epigeji (Dengler 1997) Dengler et Wollert in Dengler et al. 2003; Gageo pratensis-Allion schoenoprasi Passarge 1964; Falcario vulgaris-Poion angustifoliae Passarge 1989; Poion compressae T. Müller et Görs ex Dengler et Wollert in Dengler et al. 2003; Convolvulo arvensis-Elytrigion repentis Görs 1967 nom. mut. propos.; Convolvulo arvensis-Elytrigion repentis Görs 1966 corr. Julve 1993 | Anthropogenic herb stands | E5.1 |
| Coremation albi Rothmaler 1943 | Lusitano-Andalusian and northern Maroccan thermo-mesomediterranean psammophilous scrub on acidic palaeodunes | Rubio longifoliae-Coremation albi Rivas-Martínez in Rivas-Martínez, Costa, Castroviejo et E. Valdés 1980; Stauracantho genistoidis-Halimion halimifolii Rivas-Mart. 1979; Stauracantho genistoidis-Coremation albi Br.-Bl. et al. 1965 | Western garrigues | F6.1 |
| Coremation albi Rothmaler 1943 | Lusitano-Andalusian and northern Maroccan thermo-mesomediterranean psammophilous scrub on acidic palaeodunes | Rubio longifoliae-Coremation albi Rivas-Martínez in Rivas-Martínez, Costa, Castroviejo et E. Valdés 1980; Stauracantho genistoidis-Halimion halimifolii Rivas-Mart. 1979; Stauracantho genistoidis-Coremation albi Br.-Bl. et al. 1965 | Thermo-Mediterranean scrub | F5.5 |
| Corno-Quercion petraeae Korzhenevsky 1982 | Submontane and montane mesic deciduous oak forests of Crimea | Lathyro laxiflorae-Quercion petraeae Didukh 1996 | Meso- and eutrophic [Quercus], [Carpinus], [Fraxinus], [Acer], [Tilia], [Ulmus] and related woodland | G1.A |
| Corynephorion canescentis Klika 1931 | Silicicolous tussock perennial open grasslands of atlantic and subatlantic regions of northwestern and Central Europe | Caricion arenariae Doing 1974; Corynephorion Br.-Bl. et de Leeuw 1926; Dicrano-Cladinion Doing 1963; Filagini-Corynephorion Passarge 1960; Miboro minimae-Corynephorion canescentis Loiseau et Felzines 2007; Polytricho-Cornicularion Doing 1974; Spergulo-Corynephorion (Klika 1931) Passarge 1960; Sedo micranthi-Corynephorion canescentis Loiseau et Felzines 2007 | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | E1.1 |
| Corynephorion canescentis Klika 1931 | Silicicolous tussock perennial open grasslands of atlantic and subatlantic regions of northwestern and Central Europe | Caricion arenariae Doing 1974; Corynephorion Br.-Bl. et de Leeuw 1926; Dicrano-Cladinion Doing 1963; Filagini-Corynephorion Passarge 1960; Miboro minimae-Corynephorion canescentis Loiseau et Felzines 2007; Polytricho-Cornicularion Doing 1974; Spergulo-Corynephorion (Klika 1931) Passarge 1960; Sedo micranthi-Corynephorion canescentis Loiseau et Felzines 2007 | Coastal stable dune grassland (grey dunes) | B1.4 |
| Corynephorion canescentis Klika 1931 | Silicicolous tussock perennial open grasslands of atlantic and subatlantic regions of northwestern and Central Europe | Caricion arenariae Doing 1974; Corynephorion Br.-Bl. et de Leeuw 1926; Dicrano-Cladinion Doing 1963; Filagini-Corynephorion Passarge 1960; Miboro minimae-Corynephorion canescentis Loiseau et Felzines 2007; Polytricho-Cornicularion Doing 1974; Spergulo-Corynephorion (Klika 1931) Passarge 1960; Sedo micranthi-Corynephorion canescentis Loiseau et Felzines 2007 | Open non-Mediterranean dry acid and neutral grassland, including inland dune grassland | E1.9 |
| Corynephorion maritimi Costa, Pinto-Gomes, Neto et Rivas-Mart. in Costa et al. 2012 | Ephemeral therophyte thermo- and lower mesomediterranean Lusitanian-Andalusian and Galician-Portuguese vegetation on inland palaeodunes | Open Mediterranean dry acid and neutral grassland | E1.A | |
| Corynephoro articulati-Malcolmion patulae Rivas Goday 1958 | Meso- lower supramediterranean ephemeral therophyte communities of inland sand dunes of western Iberia | Open Mediterranean dry acid and neutral grassland | E1.A | |
| Cosentinio bivalentis-Lafuenteion rotundifoliae Asensi et al. 1990 | Thermo-mesomediterranean chasmophytic limestone crevice vegetation of semi-arid southern Spain | Poterion ancistroidis Br.-Bl. 1943 (sensu Molina Abril 1994: 87; orig. form); Teucrion fragile Nieto Caldera 1987 | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 |
| Crassulo tillaeae-Sedion caespitosi de Foucault 1999 | pastizales de anuales silicícolas dominados por crasuláceas, termo y mesomediterráneos] | Sedion caespitosi (Rivas Martínez 1978) Pérez Prieto et Font 2005 | Open Mediterranean dry acid and neutral grassland | E1.A |
| Crataego laevigati-Quercion cerridis Arrigoni 1997 | Submediterranean acidophilous thermophilous oak forests of southern Italy | Lathyro montani-Quercion cerridis Scoppola et Filesi 1990; Lathyro montani-Quercion cerridis Scoppola et Filesi 1998; Lonicero etruscae-Quercion pubescentis Arrigoni et Foggi 1988; Lathyro montani-Quercion cerridis Scoppola et Filesi 1995; Mespilo-Carpinion betuli Ubaldi 2003; Quercion cerridis Avena et Bruno 1975; Teucrio siculi-Quercion cerridis Ubaldi 2003; Lonicero etruscae-Quercion pubescentis Arrigoni et Foggi ex Arrigoni et al.1990; Teucrio siculi-Quercion cerridis Ubaldi et al. 1987 | Thermophilous deciduous woodland | G1.7 |
| Crataego-Carpinion caucasicae Passarge 1981 | Low-altitude oak-hornbeam forests of central Caucasus. | Meso- and eutrophic [Quercus], [Carpinus], [Fraxinus], [Acer], [Tilia], [Ulmus] and related woodland | G1.A | |
| Cratoneurion commutati Koch 1928 | Vegetation of moss-rich calcareous water springs in supramontane and subalpine belts of Europe and Greenland | Arabidion jacquinii Julve 1993; Cochlearion alpinae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1952; Cochlearion pyrenaicae Bardat 2002; Cratoneuro-Saxifragion aizoidis Nordhagen 1936; Endocarpion Br.-Bl. 1948; Palustriellion commutatae Koch 1928 nom. mut. propos. | Springs, spring brooks and geysers | C2.1 |
| Cratoneuro filicini-Calthion laetae Hadac 1983 | Oligotrophic spring communities in shady forest habitats of supramontane and subalpine belts of Western and Eastern Carpathians | Springs, spring brooks and geysers | C2.1 | |
| Crithmion maritimi Tx. et Oberd. 1958 | Rupicolous vegetation of coastal salt-sprayed rocky cliffs of Atlantic coasts of western Europe | Crithmion maritimi Pavillard 1928; Crithmo-Limonion binervosi (Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1984) Géhu 1997 | Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms | B3.3 |
| Crithmo-Armerion maritimae Géhu 1968 | Subaerohaline coastal grasslands on inland edges of salt-sprayed rocky cliffs of Atlantic coasts of Iberian Peninsula and Framce | Crithmo-Armerion maritimae Géhu 1975; Crithmo-Armerion maritimae Géhu 1984; Sileno-Festucion pruinosae Géhu 2004; Cochleario officinalis-Armerion maritimae Géhu 1984; Sileno-Festucion pruinosae (Géhu 1984) Géhu et Bioret 2000 | Soft sea-cliffs, often vegetated | B3.4 |
| Crithmo-Daucion halophili Rivas-Mart. et al. 1990 | Rupicolous dwarf-herb vegetation of coastal salt-sprayed cliffs of of lusitano-andalusian region of Iberi and northern Morocco | Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms | B3.3 | |
| Crithmo-Limonion graeci Géhu et al. 1992 | Rupicolous herb-rich vegetation of coastal salt-sprayed cliffs of peninsular Hellas and Aegean islands | Cichorio-Limonion roridi Brullo et Guarino 2000; Crithmo-Frankenion hirsutae Mayer 1995 | Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms | B3.3 |
| Crithmo-Staticion Molinier 1934 | Rupicolous dwarf-herb vegetation of coastal salt-sprayed limestone cliffs of Tyrrhenian and Ligurian coasts | Crithmo-Limonion minuti Molinier 1934 nom. corr. propos.; Crithmo-Limonion articulati Molinier 1934 nom. corr. propos.; Crithmo-Limonion Molinier 1934 nom. mut. propos.; Erodion corsici Géhu et Biondi in Géhu 1994; Crithmo-Limonion pseudominuti Molinier 1934 corr. Julve 1993; Erodio corsici-Limonion articulati (Gamisans et Muracciole 1984) Géhu et Biondi 1994 | Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms | B3.3 |
| Crucianellion maritimae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1958 | Mediterranean dwarf scrub on stabilised coastal hinddunes | Ononidion ramosissimae Pignatti 1952 | Coastal stable dune grassland (grey dunes) | B1.4 |
| Crucianellion rupestris S. Brullo et Furnari 1990 | Subaerohaline coastal dwarf scrub on salt-sprayed cliffs of European and North African coasts of Lybian Sea | Crucianellion rupestris S. Brullo et Furnari 1981 | Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms | B3.3 |
| Crucianellion rupestris S. Brullo et Furnari 1990 | Subaerohaline coastal dwarf scrub on salt-sprayed cliffs of European and North African coasts of Lybian Sea | Crucianellion rupestris S. Brullo et Furnari 1981 | Xero-halophile scrubs | F6.8 |
| Crucianellion rupestris S. Brullo et Furnari 1990 | Subaerohaline coastal dwarf scrub on salt-sprayed cliffs of European and North African coasts of Lybian Sea | Crucianellion rupestris S. Brullo et Furnari 1981 | Western garrigues | F6.1 |
| Culcito macrocarpae-Juniperion brevifoliae Lüpnitz 1975 | Azorean infra- to supratemperate humid laurisilva forests and ericaceous mantle and seral heath | Juniperion brevifoliae Sjögren 1973 | Macaronesian [Laurus] woodland | G2.3 |
| Culcito macrocarpae-Juniperion brevifoliae Lüpnitz 1975 | Azorean infra- to supratemperate humid laurisilva forests and ericaceous mantle and seral heath | Juniperion brevifoliae Sjögren 1973 | Coniferous woodland dominated by [Cupressaceae] or [Taxaceae] | G3.9 |
| Cutandio maritimae-Vulpion membranaceae de Foucault et Géhu in de Foucault 1999 | diagnosis | Sileno conicae-Vulpion membranaceae de Foucault 1999 | Coastal stable dune grassland (grey dunes) | B1.4 |
| Cyclamini cretici-Quercion ilicis Barbero et Quézel ex Quézel et al. 1992 | Evergreen calciphilous kermes oak forests of Eastern Mediterranean | Cyclamini cretici-Quercion brachyphyllae-ilicis Barbero et Quézel 1980 | Mediterranean evergreen [Quercus] woodland | G2.1 |
| Cymbalario muralis-Asplenion Segal 1969 | Fern-rich crevice vegetation of sunny walls of atlantic to subcontinental cool temperate regions of Europe | Linarion cymbalariae Segal 1961; Tortulo-Linarion cymbalariae Westhoff 1966 | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 |
| Cymbalario muralis-Asplenion Segal 1969 | Fern-rich crevice vegetation of sunny walls of atlantic to subcontinental cool temperate regions of Europe | Linarion cymbalariae Segal 1961; Tortulo-Linarion cymbalariae Westhoff 1966 | Anthropogenic herb stands | E5.1 |
| Cymbopogono hirti-Brachypodion ramosi Horvatic 1963 | Pseudosteppes on calcareous and sandy soils in eastern Mediterranean and coastal areas of Balkan Peninsula | Alyssion muralis Konstantinou 1992; Alyssion muralis Konstantinou et Babalonas 1996; Alyssion muralis Konstantinou in Carni et al. 2000; Cymbopogono-Brachypodion ramosi Horvatic 1957; Hyparrhenio-Brachypodion ramosi Horvatic 1963 nom. mut. propos.; Cymbopogono hirti-Brachypodion ramosi Horvatic 1958 | Mediterranean xeric grassland | E1.3 |
| Cymbopogono hirti-Brachypodion ramosi Horvatic 1963 | Pseudosteppes on calcareous and sandy soils in eastern Mediterranean and coastal areas of Balkan Peninsula | Alyssion muralis Konstantinou 1992; Alyssion muralis Konstantinou et Babalonas 1996; Alyssion muralis Konstantinou in Carni et al. 2000; Cymbopogono-Brachypodion ramosi Horvatic 1957; Hyparrhenio-Brachypodion ramosi Horvatic 1963 nom. mut. propos.; Cymbopogono hirti-Brachypodion ramosi Horvatic 1958 | Mediterranean tall-grass and [Artemisia] steppes | E1.4 |
