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Source: Schaminée, J.H.J., Chytrý, M., Hennekens, S.M., Mucina, L., Rodwell, J.S. & Tichý, L. (2012): Development of vegetation syntaxa crosswalks to EUNIS habitat classification and related data sets
| Name | Definition | Synonyms | EUNIS habitat type | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Festuco saxatilis-Seslerion bielzii (Pawlowski et Walas 1949) Coldea 1984 | Chionophilous calcareous alpine grasslands of Southern Carpathians | Festucion marmarossicae Pawlowski et Walas 1949; Seslerion bielzii calcophilum Pop 1968 | Calcareous alpine and subalpine grassland | E4.4 |
| Festuco valesiacae-Limonion gmelinii Mirkin in Golub et Solomakha 1988 | Solonetz steppes of forest-steppe and steppe zones of Volga and Ural River Basins | Limonion gmelinii Golub 1994 | Continental inland salt steppes | E6.2 |
| Festuco-Bromion Barbero et Loisel 1971 | Mesophytic to xerophytic basiphilous open grasslands of submediterranean regions of Provence and Liguria | Bothriochloo ischaemi-Bromion erecti Ubaldi 1997 | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | E1.1 |
| Festuco-Knaution longifoliae Jovanovic-Dunjic 1955 | Subalpine calcareous tussock grasslands of eastern Serbia | Festuco-Knaution longifoliae Horvat 1949 | Calcareous alpine and subalpine grassland | E4.4 |
| Festuco-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968 | Subcontinental north-temperate and sub-boreal psammophilous pine forests in lowlands of Central and northern Europe | Chamaecytiso ruthenici-Pinion Krausch 1962 nom. mut. propos.; Cytiso ruthenici-Pinion Krausch 1962; Festuco vaginatae-Pinion Soó 1971; Stipo-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968; Festuco-Pinion sylvestris Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Stipo-Pinion sylvestris Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968 | [Pinus sylvestris] woodland south of the taiga | G3.4 |
| Filipendulo vulgaris-Helictotrichion pratensis Dengler et Löbel in Dengler et al. 2003 | Meso-xerophilous basiphilous grasslands of southern Baltic alvars and related habitats of northwestern Russia, Denmark and northern Germany | Helianthemo-Globularion Br.-Bl. 1963 nom. dubium p.p.; Anthyllido-Artemision campestris Sunding in Marker 1969 | Perennial calcareous grassland and basic steppes | E1.2 |
| Filipendulo-Petasition Br.-Bl. ex Duvigneaud 1949 | Wet tall herblands on mineral soils of temperate Europe | Stachyo palustris-Cirsion oleracei Julve et Gillet in Julve 1993; Cirsio palustris-Filipendulion ulmariae Klauck 1993; Angelico sylvestris-Filipendulion ulmariae Passarge 1977; Filipendulion ulmariae Segal 1966; Filipendulo-Cirsion oleracei Duvigneaud 1946; Filipendulo-Petasition Br.-Bl. 1950; Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Filipendulion ulmariae (Passarge 1977) Preising in Preising et al. 1997; Lotion uliginosi Passarge 1975; Violo palustris-Lotion uliginosi Passarge 1989; Thalictro flavi-Filipendulion ulmariae de Foucault in Royer et al. 2006; Stachyo palustris-Cirsion oleracei Julve et Gillet 1994; Thalictro flavi-Filipendulion ulmariae de Foucault 1984; Filipendulion ulmariae Segal ex Westhoff et Den Held 1969; Filipendulion ulmariae Segal ex Lohmeyer in Oberd. et al. 1967; Filipendulo ulmariae-Chaerophyllion hirsuti de Foucault 2011; Filipendulo-Petasition Br.-Bl. 1949 nom. ambig. propos.; Filipendulo ulmariae-Cirsion rivularis de Foucault 1984 | Moist or wet eutrophic and mesotrophic grassland | E3.4 |
| Filipendulo-Petasition Br.-Bl. ex Duvigneaud 1949 | Wet tall herblands on mineral soils of temperate Europe | Stachyo palustris-Cirsion oleracei Julve et Gillet in Julve 1993; Cirsio palustris-Filipendulion ulmariae Klauck 1993; Angelico sylvestris-Filipendulion ulmariae Passarge 1977; Filipendulion ulmariae Segal 1966; Filipendulo-Cirsion oleracei Duvigneaud 1946; Filipendulo-Petasition Br.-Bl. 1950; Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Filipendulion ulmariae (Passarge 1977) Preising in Preising et al. 1997; Lotion uliginosi Passarge 1975; Violo palustris-Lotion uliginosi Passarge 1989; Thalictro flavi-Filipendulion ulmariae de Foucault in Royer et al. 2006; Stachyo palustris-Cirsion oleracei Julve et Gillet 1994; Thalictro flavi-Filipendulion ulmariae de Foucault 1984; Filipendulion ulmariae Segal ex Westhoff et Den Held 1969; Filipendulion ulmariae Segal ex Lohmeyer in Oberd. et al. 1967; Filipendulo ulmariae-Chaerophyllion hirsuti de Foucault 2011; Filipendulo-Petasition Br.-Bl. 1949 nom. ambig. propos.; Filipendulo ulmariae-Cirsion rivularis de Foucault 1984 | Moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringes and meadows | E5.4 |
| Fragarion vescae Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 nom. conserv. propos. | Herb-rich clearing vegetation on nutrient-rich calcareous soils of nemoral zone of Central and Western Europe | Atropion Aichinger 1933 nom. ambig. propos.; Atropion Br.-Bl. 1930; Atropion Br.-Bl. ex Br.-Bl. et al. 1952; Atropion Br.-Bl. ex Oberd. 1957; Dactylido-Aegopodion Passarge 1967; Fragarion vescae Tx. 1950; Mycelido-Stachyion Passarge (1967) 1978 | Recently felled areas | G5.8 |
| Frangulo alni-Pyrion cordatae Herrera et al. 1991 | Cantabroatlantic mesophilous thorny hedges and mantle scrub on nutrient-poor acidic soils | Ulici europaei-Rubion ulmifolii Weber 1997; Pyro cordatae-Ulicion europaei de Foucault et Julve in Julve 1993 | Temperate thickets and scrub | F3.1 |
| Frangulo-Rubion Rivas Goday 1964 | Acidophilous scrub of forest clearings and hedges on dry sandy, nutrient-poor soils of (sub)atlantic regions of southwestern Europe | Temperate thickets and scrub | F3.1 | |
| Frankenio laevis-Armerion maritimae Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1975 | Vegetation of upper tidal coastal nutrient-rich sandy flats of cantabro-atlantic regions of Iberia and southern France | Limonio ovalifolii-Frankenion laevis Rivas-Mart. et al. 2001; Limonio ovalifolii-Frankenion laevis Arbesú et al. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002 | Coastal saltmarshes and saline reedbeds | A2.5 |
| Frankenio-Astydamion latifoliae Santos 1976 | Vegetation of salt-sprayed coastal cliffs of Canary Islands | Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms | B3.3 | |
| Frankenion pulverulentae Rivas-Mart. ex Castroviejo et Porta 1976 | Ephemeral vegetation of clayey saline soils of Western Mediterranean | Frankenion pulverulentae Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et Costa 1976; Hordeion marini Ladero et al. 1984 | Mediterranean inland salt steppes | E6.1 |
| Fraxino orni-Cotinion Soó 1960 | Thermophilous mantle vegetation of southen Pannonian oak forests | Cotinion Soó 1960 (sensu Horvát 1977); Orno-Cotinion Soó 1960 (orig. form) | Pseudomaquis | F5.3 |
| Fraxino orni-Cotinion Soó 1960 | Thermophilous mantle vegetation of southen Pannonian oak forests | Cotinion Soó 1960 (sensu Horvát 1977); Orno-Cotinion Soó 1960 (orig. form) | Submediterranean deciduous thickets and brushes | F3.2 |
| Fraxino orni-Ostryion Tomažic 1940 | Amphiadriatic and southern Balcanic thermophilous oak hop hornbeam forests on calcareous substrates | Campanulo-Ostryion Ubaldi 1986; Carpinion orientalis Blecic et Lakušic 1966; Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1954; Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1958; Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1959; Carpinion orientalis Lakušic et al. 1982; Cytiso-Quercion pubescentis Ubaldi 1980; Laburno-Ostryion Ubaldi 1980; Laburno-Ostryion Ubaldi 1995; Lauro nobilis-Quercion pubescentis Ubaldi 1988; Orneto-Ostryon Tomažic 1940 (orig. form); Ostryo-Carpinion adriaticum Horvat 1959; Ostryo-Carpinion aegaeicum Horvat 1959; Ostryo-Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1954; Ostryo-Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1959; Ostryo-Fraxinion orni de Foucault et Julve 1991; Querco-Carpinion orientalis Csurös et al. 1968; Seslerio-Ostryoin (Tomažic 1940) Lakušic et al. 1982 | Thermophilous deciduous woodland | G1.7 |
| Fraxino orni-Pinion nigrae Em 1978 | Relic forests of Pinus nigra on calcareous substrates of central and southern Balkans | Orno-Pinion Em 1978 (orig. form); Pinion austroillyricum P. Fukarek 1969; Pinion nigrae Lakušic 1972; Pinion nigrae Lakušic 1976; Fraxino orni-Pinion pallasianae Em 1978 corr. Milosavljevic et al. 2008 | [Pinus nigra] woodland | G3.5 |
| Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis Biondi et al. ex Biondi, Casavecchia et Gigante 2013 | Evergreen and semideciduous calciphilous kermes oak forests of Central Mediterranean | Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis Biondi et al. 2003; Quercion ilicis Br.-Bl. ex Horvatic 1934 | Mediterranean evergreen [Quercus] woodland | G2.1 |
| Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis Biondi et al. ex Biondi, Casavecchia et Gigante 2013 | Evergreen and semideciduous calciphilous kermes oak forests of Central Mediterranean | Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis Biondi et al. 2003; Quercion ilicis Br.-Bl. ex Horvatic 1934 | [Ilex aquifolium] woods | G2.6 |
| Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis Biondi et al. ex Biondi, Casavecchia et Gigante 2013 | Evergreen and semideciduous calciphilous kermes oak forests of Central Mediterranean | Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis Biondi et al. 2003; Quercion ilicis Br.-Bl. ex Horvatic 1934 | Lowland to montane mediterranean [Pinus] woodland (excluding [Pinus nigra]) | G3.7 |
| Fumarion wirtgenii-agrariae S. Brullo in S. Brullo et Marcenó 1985 | Weed vegetation of vineyards, orchards and hoed crops in themomediterranean belt of Western and Central Mediterranean | Diplotaxio erucoidis-Urticion urentis Carretero et Aguilella 1995 | Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods | I1.3 |
| Galeopsion Oberd. 1957 | Submontane silicicolous scree communities of Central Europe | Acid siliceous screes of warm exposures | H2.5 | |
| Galeopsion bifidae Abramova in Mirkin et al. 1985 | Weed communities of gardens and root crop fields on moist acidic soils in continental regions of the hemiboreal and boreal zones of Eastern Europe and Siberia | Papaverion rhoeadis Solomakha 1987; Stachyion palustris Kireeva 1988 | Intensive unmixed crops | I1.1 |
| Galeopsion bifidae Abramova in Mirkin et al. 1985 | Weed communities of gardens and root crop fields on moist acidic soils in continental regions of the hemiboreal and boreal zones of Eastern Europe and Siberia | Papaverion rhoeadis Solomakha 1987; Stachyion palustris Kireeva 1988 | Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods | I1.3 |
| Galeopsion bifidae Abramova in Mirkin et al. 1985 | Weed communities of gardens and root crop fields on moist acidic soils in continental regions of the hemiboreal and boreal zones of Eastern Europe and Siberia | Papaverion rhoeadis Solomakha 1987; Stachyion palustris Kireeva 1988 | Mixed crops of market gardens and horticulture | I1.2 |
| Galeopsion pyneraicae Rivas-Mart. 1977 | Submontane silicicolous scree communities of Pyrenees | Acid siliceous screes of warm exposures | H2.5 | |
| Galio campanulatae-Poion versicoloris Kukovitsa et al. ex Didukh et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2013 | Dry rocky steppic grasslands on gypsum and calcareous outcrops of western Podolia | Galio campanulatae-Poion versicoloris Kukovitsa et al. 1994 | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | E1.1 |
| Galio litoralis-Geranion sanguinei Géhu et Géhu-Franck in de Foucault et al. 1983 | Xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation of temperate Atlantic and Baltic seaboards and subboreal southern Fennoscandia | Galio litoralis-Geranion sanguinei Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1983; Galio maritimi-Geranion sanguinei Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1983; Galio veri-Geranion sanguinei Géhu et Géhu-Franck in de Foucault et al. 1983 nom. mut. propos. | Thermophile woodland fringes | E5.2 |
| Galio rotundifolii-Fagion Gamisans 1975 | Relict beech forests of Corsica | Fago-Pinion corsianae Br.-Bl. 1955; Galio rotundifolii-Fagion Gamisans 1977 | [Fagus] woodland | G1.6 |
| Galio veri-Aristolochion clematitidis Shevchyk et Solomakha in Shevchyk et al. 1996 | diagnosis | Meadows of the steppe zone | E2.5 | |
| Galion degenii Quézel 1967 | Chasmophytic vegetation calcareous rocky crevices of Pindos (Hellas) | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 | |
| Gaudinio fragilis-Hordeion bulbosi Galán de Mera et al. 1997 | Humid meadows on sandy soils along Western Mediterranean coasts | Gaudinio verticicolae-Hordeion bulbosi Galán de Mera et al. 1997 corr. Rivas-Martinez et al. 2002 | Mediterranean tall humid grassland | E3.1 |
| Gaudinio-Podospermion cani S. Brullo et Siracusa 2000 | Ephemeral vegetation of clayey saline soils of Siculo-Calabrian badlands | Mediterranean inland salt steppes | E6.1 | |
| Genistion floridae Rivas-Mart. 1974 | Western Iberian upper meso-supramediterranean and submediterranean subhumid-humid genistoid retamal | Adenocarpion argyrophylli Vicente Orellana et Galán de Mera 2008 | Submediterranean deciduous thickets and brushes | F3.2 |
| Genistion lobelii Molinier 1934 | Meso-supramediterranean submediterranean calcicolous dry grasslands and low scrub of Provence, Cevennes and catalano-valencian region | Seslerion mediterraneo-montanum Vanden Berghen 1963; Globularion cordifoliae Allier et Ritter 1971; Globularion cordifoliae Guinochet 1938; Potentillion velutinae Barbero et al. 1972; Seslerion elegantissimae Quézel 1971; Genistion lobelii-villarsii-pulchellae Lavagne et Rebuffel 1998 | Mediterranean-montane grassland | E1.5 |
| Genistion lobelii Molinier 1934 | Meso-supramediterranean submediterranean calcicolous dry grasslands and low scrub of Provence, Cevennes and catalano-valencian region | Seslerion mediterraneo-montanum Vanden Berghen 1963; Globularion cordifoliae Allier et Ritter 1971; Globularion cordifoliae Guinochet 1938; Potentillion velutinae Barbero et al. 1972; Seslerion elegantissimae Quézel 1971; Genistion lobelii-villarsii-pulchellae Lavagne et Rebuffel 1998 | Supra-Mediterranean garrigues | F6.6 |
| Genistion micrantho-anglicae Rivas-Mart. 1979 | Mediterranean iberoatlantic and orocantabroatlantic hygrophilous silicicolius heath on clayey humus-rich soils | Wet heaths | F4.1 | |
| Genistion occidentalis Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984 | Meso-orotemperate submediterranean calcicolous dry grasslands of cantabrian-castillian region | Supra-Mediterranean garrigues | F6.6 | |
| Genistion pilosae Bøcher 1943 | Low-altitude heath of atlantic to subcontinental regions of Europe | Vaccinion myrtilli Böcher ex Bridgewater et Shimwell 1973; Genistion pilosae Duvigneaud 1942 (sensu Schubert 2001); Callunion Borza 1963; Callunion Borza et Boscaui 1965; Callunion balticum Bøcher 1943; Euphorbio-Callunion Schubert 1960; Euphorbio-Callunion Schubert ex Passarge 1964; Genistio-Callunion Bøcher 1943; Genistion tinctorio-germanicae de Foucault 1990; Genistion tinctorio-germanicae de Foucault 2009; Genisto-Callunion Bøcher 1943; Genisto-Vaccinion vitis-ideae Br.-Bl. 1926; Myrtillion boreale Bøcher 1943; Pohlio-Callunion Shimwell 1973; Senecioni-Rumicion acetosellae Passarge 1981; Vaccinio-Callunion Moore in Mhic Daeid 1976; Vaccinio-Genistion pilosae Duvigneaud 1943; Vaccinion vitis-idaeae Bøcher 1943; Calluno-Genistion pilosae subatlanticum Duvigneaud 1944; Calluno-Arctostaphylion uvae-ursi Tx. et Preising 1949; Calluno-Genistion Duvigneaud 1944 (sensu Schubert 2001) | Coastal dune heaths | B1.5 |
| Genistion pilosae Bøcher 1943 | Low-altitude heath of atlantic to subcontinental regions of Europe | Vaccinion myrtilli Böcher ex Bridgewater et Shimwell 1973; Genistion pilosae Duvigneaud 1942 (sensu Schubert 2001); Callunion Borza 1963; Callunion Borza et Boscaui 1965; Callunion balticum Bøcher 1943; Euphorbio-Callunion Schubert 1960; Euphorbio-Callunion Schubert ex Passarge 1964; Genistio-Callunion Bøcher 1943; Genistion tinctorio-germanicae de Foucault 1990; Genistion tinctorio-germanicae de Foucault 2009; Genisto-Callunion Bøcher 1943; Genisto-Vaccinion vitis-ideae Br.-Bl. 1926; Myrtillion boreale Bøcher 1943; Pohlio-Callunion Shimwell 1973; Senecioni-Rumicion acetosellae Passarge 1981; Vaccinio-Callunion Moore in Mhic Daeid 1976; Vaccinio-Genistion pilosae Duvigneaud 1943; Vaccinion vitis-idaeae Bøcher 1943; Calluno-Genistion pilosae subatlanticum Duvigneaud 1944; Calluno-Arctostaphylion uvae-ursi Tx. et Preising 1949; Calluno-Genistion Duvigneaud 1944 (sensu Schubert 2001) | Dry heaths | F4.2 |
| Genistion specioso-equisetiformis Rivas-Mart. et F. Valle in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011 | Prevalently Baetic Iberian thermo-mesomediterranean dry-subhumid genistpoid retamal on calcarous and ultramafic soils | Thermo-Mediterranean scrub | F5.5 | |
| Genistion specioso-equisetiformis Rivas-Mart. et F. Valle in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011 | Prevalently Baetic Iberian thermo-mesomediterranean dry-subhumid genistpoid retamal on calcarous and ultramafic soils | Submediterranean deciduous thickets and brushes | F3.2 | |
| Genisto scorpii-Retamion sphaerocarpae Rivas-Mart. et Costa in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011 | Iberolevantine thermo-mesomediterranean (and rarely supramediterranean) semiarid to subhumid retamal on calcareous soils | Chronantho-Retamion Rivas Goday 1980 | Thermo-Mediterranean scrub | F5.5 |
| Genisto scorpii-Retamion sphaerocarpae Rivas-Mart. et Costa in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011 | Iberolevantine thermo-mesomediterranean (and rarely supramediterranean) semiarid to subhumid retamal on calcareous soils | Chronantho-Retamion Rivas Goday 1980 | Submediterranean deciduous thickets and brushes | F3.2 |
| Genisto spartioidis-Phlomidion almeriensis Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1969 | Almerian (south Iberian) Infra-mesomediterranean semiarid-dry retamoid scrub on calcarous and ultramafic substrates | Submediterranean deciduous thickets and brushes | F3.2 | |
| Genisto spartioidis-Phlomidion almeriensis Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1969 | Almerian (south Iberian) Infra-mesomediterranean semiarid-dry retamoid scrub on calcarous and ultramafic substrates | Thermo-Mediterranean scrub | F5.5 | |
| Genisto versicoloris-Juniperion hemisphaericae Rivas-Mart. et J.A. Molina in Rivas-Mart., Fernández-González et Loidi 1999 | Silicolous oromediterranean juniper scrub of southern Iberian Peninsula (Sierra Nevada) | Evergreen alpine and subalpine heath and scrub | F2.2 | |
| Genisto-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. 1926 | Montane to subalpine heath of atlantic and subcontinental regions of Europe | Genisto-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. ex Schaminée 1993 | Dry heaths | F4.2 |
| Genisto-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. 1926 | Montane to subalpine heath of atlantic and subcontinental regions of Europe | Genisto-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. ex Schaminée 1993 | Evergreen alpine and subalpine heath and scrub | F2.2 |
| Gentianello amarellae-Helictotrichion pratensis Royer ex Dengler in Mucina et al. 2009 | Meso-xerophilous basiphilous grasslands of northwestern Europe | Gentianello amarellae-Avenulion pratensis Royer 1991; Gentiano amarellae-Avenulion pratensis Royer ex Julve 1993 | Perennial calcareous grassland and basic steppes | E1.2 |
| Geo-Alliarion Lohmeyer et Oberd. in Görs et T. Müller 1969 | Ruderal and semi-natural fringe thermophilous communities of short-lived low herbs on nutrient-rich soils of temperate Europe | Alliarion Oberd. 1957; Alliarion Oberd. ex Hejný in Holub et al. 1967; Alliarion Oberd. ex Passarge 1978; Geo-Alliarion Sissingh 1973; Anthrisco-Chaerophyllion (Tx. et Brun-Hool 1975) Gehlken 2003; Lapsano-Geranion robertiani (Sissingh 1973) Dierschke 1974; Galio-Alliarion (Oberd. 1957) Lohmeyer et Oberd. in Oberd. et al. 1967 | Anthropogenic herb stands | E5.1 |
| Geranio nodosi-Fagion Gentile ex Feoli et Lagonegro 1982 | Refugial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of Northern and Central Apennines | Geranio nodosi-Fagion Gentile 1975 | [Fagus] woodland | G1.6 |
| Geranio purpurei-Torilidion Lohmeyer et Trautmann 1970 | Mesic nitrophilous winter-annual fringe vegetation of Macaronesia | Galio-Geranion purpurei Lohmeyer 1975; Senecion tussilaginis Oberd. 1965 | Anthropogenic herb stands | E5.1 |
| Geranio pusilli-Anthriscion caucalidis Rivas-Mart. 1978 | Mesic nitrophilous winter-annual fringe vegetation of Atlantic seaboards of northern Spain and France | Drabo muralis-Cardaminion hirsutae de Foucault 1988; Anthrisco caucalidis-Cochlearion danicae de Foucault 2009 | Anthropogenic herb stands | E5.1 |
| Geranio striati-Fagion Gentile 1970 | Refugial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of Southern Apennines and southwestern Balkans | Aremonio-Fagion Gentile 1963; Fagion austro-italicum Soó 1964; Fagion hellenicum Quézel 1967; Fagion mediterraneo-montanum A. Hofmann 1960; Fagion mediterraneo-montanum Br.-Bl. 1960; Fagion meridionale Bonin 1968; Lamio flexuosi-Fagion Gentile 1969; Campanulo trrichocalycinae-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1990; Doronico orientalis-Fagion sylvaticae Ubaldi et al. ex Ubaldi 1995; Campanulo trichocalycinae-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1986; Campanulo trrichocalycinae-Fagion Ubaldi ex S. Brullo et al. 2001; Aquifolio-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1986 (orig. form); Doronico orientalis-Fagion sylvaticae Ubaldi et al. 1990; Geranio versicoloris-Fagion Gentile 1970 nom. mut. propos. | [Fagus] woodland | G1.6 |
| Geranio striati-Fagion Gentile 1970 | Refugial beech and mixed beech-fir forests of Southern Apennines and southwestern Balkans | Aremonio-Fagion Gentile 1963; Fagion austro-italicum Soó 1964; Fagion hellenicum Quézel 1967; Fagion mediterraneo-montanum A. Hofmann 1960; Fagion mediterraneo-montanum Br.-Bl. 1960; Fagion meridionale Bonin 1968; Lamio flexuosi-Fagion Gentile 1969; Campanulo trrichocalycinae-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1990; Doronico orientalis-Fagion sylvaticae Ubaldi et al. ex Ubaldi 1995; Campanulo trichocalycinae-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1986; Campanulo trrichocalycinae-Fagion Ubaldi ex S. Brullo et al. 2001; Aquifolio-Fagion Corbetta et Ubaldi in Ubaldi et al. 1986 (orig. form); Doronico orientalis-Fagion sylvaticae Ubaldi et al. 1990; Geranio versicoloris-Fagion Gentile 1970 nom. mut. propos. | [Abies] and [Picea] woodland | G3.1 |
| Geranion sanguinei Tx. in T. Müller 1962 | Xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation of subcontinental Western and Central Europe | Geranion sanguinei Tx. in T. Müller 1961; Tanaceto corymbosi-Bupleurion falcati Julve 1993; Geranion sanguinei Tx. in Mu¨ller 1962 emend. Borhidi 2012; Brachypodio pinnati-Geranion (Tx. in T. Müller 1962) van Gils et Kozlowska 1977; Cynancho-Geranion (Tx. in T. Müller 1962) Dierschke 1974; Agrostio-Peucedanion oreoselini Reichhoff et Warthemann 2003 | Thermophile woodland fringes | E5.2 |
| Glaucion flavi Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948 | Vegetation of riverine gravel terraces of meso-supramediterranean belts of Spain and southern France | Andryalo-Glaucion flavi (Br.-Bl. 1957) O. de Bolòs 1962; Glaucion flavi Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1947 | Unvegetated or sparsely vegetated shores with soft or mobile sediments | C3.6 |
| Glycerio-Sparganion Br.-Bl. et Sissingh in Boer 1942 | Herbland vegetation along small freshwater streams and in shallow water bodies of temperate Europe | Rorippion nasturtii-aquatici Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1987 nom. mut. propos.; Apion nodiflori Segal in Westhoff et Den Held 1969; Glycerion Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943; Glycerion fluitantis Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1987; Nasturtio-Veronicion beccabungae Borhidi 2001; Nasturtion officinalis Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1987; Phalarido-Glycerion maximae Passarge 1964 p.p.; Sparganio-Glycerion Br.-Bl. et Sissingh in Boer 1942 nom. invers. propos. | Species-rich helophyte beds | C3.1 |
| Glycerio-Sparganion Br.-Bl. et Sissingh in Boer 1942 | Herbland vegetation along small freshwater streams and in shallow water bodies of temperate Europe | Rorippion nasturtii-aquatici Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1987 nom. mut. propos.; Apion nodiflori Segal in Westhoff et Den Held 1969; Glycerion Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943; Glycerion fluitantis Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1987; Nasturtio-Veronicion beccabungae Borhidi 2001; Nasturtion officinalis Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1987; Phalarido-Glycerion maximae Passarge 1964 p.p.; Sparganio-Glycerion Br.-Bl. et Sissingh in Boer 1942 nom. invers. propos. | Temporary running waters | C2.5 |
| Glycyrrhizion echinatae Golub et Saveleva in Golub 1995 | Subhalophilous alluvial meadows of steppe zone of lower Don River region | Low and medium altitude hay meadows | E2.2 | |
| Glycyrrhizion echinatae Golub et Saveleva in Golub 1995 | Subhalophilous alluvial meadows of steppe zone of lower Don River region | Moist or wet eutrophic and mesotrophic grassland | E3.4 | |
| Glycyrrhizion glabrae Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995 | Subhalophilous alluvial meadows in semidesert zone of lower Volga River region | Limonio gmelinii-Artemision lerchianae Ageleulov et Golub in Golub 1995 | Low and medium altitude hay meadows | E2.2 |
| Glycyrrhizion glabrae Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995 | Subhalophilous alluvial meadows in semidesert zone of lower Volga River region | Limonio gmelinii-Artemision lerchianae Ageleulov et Golub in Golub 1995 | Moist or wet eutrophic and mesotrophic grassland | E3.4 |
| Glycyrrhizion korshinskyi Lysenko 2010 | Subhalophilous alluvial meadows in steppe zone of Volga and Ural River region | Low and medium altitude hay meadows | E2.2 | |
| Glycyrrhizion korshinskyi Lysenko 2010 | Subhalophilous alluvial meadows in steppe zone of Volga and Ural River region | Moist or wet eutrophic and mesotrophic grassland | E3.4 | |
| Greenovion aureae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993 | Western Canarian upper thermo to supramediterranean chomophytic and chasmophytic succulent-rich scrub on volcanic rock substrates | Greenovio-Festucion agustini Santos 1983 | Canary Island xerophytic scrub | F8.1 |
| Greenovion aureae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993 | Western Canarian upper thermo to supramediterranean chomophytic and chasmophytic succulent-rich scrub on volcanic rock substrates | Greenovio-Festucion agustini Santos 1983 | Macaronesian inland cliffs | H3.3 |
| Gymnogrammo-Scrophularion Rivas Goday 1964 | Meso-oromediterranean saxicolous communities of exposed silicious rock-shelves of central and western Iberian Peninsula | Rumici-Dianthion lusitani Rivas-Mart. et al. 1973; Rumici indurati-Dianthion lusitani Rivas-Mart., Izco et Costa ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986; Gymnogrammo-Scrophularion Rivas Goday ex M.A. Alonso et al. 1998 | Acid siliceous screes of warm exposures | H2.5 |
| Gymnogrammo-Scrophularion Rivas Goday 1964 | Meso-oromediterranean saxicolous communities of exposed silicious rock-shelves of central and western Iberian Peninsula | Rumici-Dianthion lusitani Rivas-Mart. et al. 1973; Rumici indurati-Dianthion lusitani Rivas-Mart., Izco et Costa ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986; Gymnogrammo-Scrophularion Rivas Goday ex M.A. Alonso et al. 1998 | Acid siliceous inland cliffs | H3.1 |
| Gypsophilion petraeae Borhidi et Pócs in Borhidi 1957 | Vegetation of sunny calcareous rock faces and crevices in subalpine belt of Southern and Eastern Carpathians | Asplenion rupestris Borza et Bo?caiu 1965 | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 |
| Gypsophilion tenuifoliae Onipchenko 2002 | Crevice vegetation on siliceous substrates of insolated cliffs of subnival to subalpine zones of Caucasus | Acid siliceous inland cliffs | H3.1 | |
| Gypsophilo glomeratae-Cephalarion coriaceae Ryff in Golub et al. 2011 | Thermophilous submediterranean herb-rich vegetation on eroding marl and limestone slopes of Crimea | Elytrigio elongatae-Onobrychidion pallasii Ryff 2004; Gypsophilo glomeratae-Cephalarion coriaceae Ryff 2004 | Calcareous and ultra-basic screes of warm exposures | H2.6 |
| Halo-Artemision Pignatti 1953 | Apenninian saline steppic vegetation on heavy clayey badland soils | Halo-Agropyrion (Pignatti 1953) Ferrari et Speranza 1975; Podospermo laciniati-Elytrigion athericae Pirone 1995; Parapholido-Podospermion cani Ferrari et Gerdol 1987 | Mediterranean inland salt steppes | E6.1 |
| Halo-Trichophorion pumili Vicherek 1973 | Halophilous travertine swards of Carpathians | Inland saltmarshes | D6.1 | |
| Haloxylo tamariscifolii-Atriplicion glaucae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Rigual 1972 | Halo-nitrophilous thermo-mesomediterranean shrub on well-drained soils of southern Iberian Peninsula and Maghreb | Atriplicion glaucae Folch 1981; Hammado articulatae-Atriplicion glaucae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Rigual 1972 nom. mut. propos.; Haloxylo-Atriplicion glaucae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1963 | Xero-halophile scrubs | F6.8 |
| Heleochloion schoenioidis Br.-Bl. ex Rivas Goday 1956 | Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation of periodically flooded saline habitats in (sub)mediterranean regions of Western Europe and North Africa | Heleochloion schoenioidis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952 | Periodically inundated shores with pioneer and ephemeral vegetation | C3.5 |
| Heleochloion schoenioidis Br.-Bl. ex Rivas Goday 1956 | Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation of periodically flooded saline habitats in (sub)mediterranean regions of Western Europe and North Africa | Heleochloion schoenioidis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952 | Mediterranean inland salt steppes | E6.1 |
| Helianthemion guttati Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940 | Thermo-supramediterranean therophytic early-flowering pastures on nutrient-poor sandy soils of western Iberia | Helianthemion guttati Br.-Bl. 1931; Moenchion erectae Rivas Goday 1958; Tuberarion guttatae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940 nom. mut. propos. | Open Mediterranean dry acid and neutral grassland | E1.A |
| Helianthemo italici-Aphyllanthion monspeliensis Díez Garretas et al. 1998 | Meso-supramediterranean dry-subhumid calciphilous scrub (esplegueras and salviares) of northeastern Iberia | Aphyllanthion Br.-Bl. 1931; Aphyllanthion Br.-Bl. ex Br.-Bl. et al. 1952 nom. ambig. propos. | Supra-Mediterranean garrigues | F6.6 |
| Helianthemo italici-Aphyllanthion monspeliensis Díez Garretas et al. 1998 | Meso-supramediterranean dry-subhumid calciphilous scrub (esplegueras and salviares) of northeastern Iberia | Aphyllanthion Br.-Bl. 1931; Aphyllanthion Br.-Bl. ex Br.-Bl. et al. 1952 nom. ambig. propos. | Western garrigues | F6.1 |
| Helichrysion obconico-devium Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002 | Vegetation of salt-sprayed coastal cliffs of Madeira | Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms | B3.3 | |
| Helichrysion obconico-devium Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002 | Vegetation of salt-sprayed coastal cliffs of Madeira | Xero-halophile scrubs | F6.8 | |
| Helichrysion obconico-devium Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002 | Vegetation of salt-sprayed coastal cliffs of Madeira | Macaronesian garrigues | F6.5 | |
| Helichrysion picardii (Rivas-Mart., Costa et Izco in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1990) Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999 | Iberoatlantic dwarf scrub on stabilised coastal hinddunes | Iberidion procumbentis Bellot 1966; Helichrysion picardii (Rivas-Mart., Costa et Izco in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1990) Géhu 1990 | Coastal stable dune grassland (grey dunes) | B1.4 |
| Helichryso barrelieri-Phagnalion graeci (Barbéro et Quézel 1989) R. Jahn in Mucina et al. 2009 | Themo-mesomediterranean phrygana on non-calcareous substrates of southern Hellas, central and southern Aegean region and adjacent Anatolia | Thermo-Mediterranean scrub | F5.5 | |
| Helichryso barrelieri-Phagnalion graeci (Barbéro et Quézel 1989) R. Jahn in Mucina et al. 2009 | Themo-mesomediterranean phrygana on non-calcareous substrates of southern Hellas, central and southern Aegean region and adjacent Anatolia | Eastern garrigues | F6.2 | |
| Helichryso sanguinei-Origanion syriaci Barbero et Quézel 1989 | Thermomediterranean phrygana of southern and Cyprus | Eastern garrigues | F6.2 | |
| Helichryso sanguinei-Origanion syriaci Barbero et Quézel 1989 | Thermomediterranean phrygana of southern and Cyprus | Thermo-Mediterranean scrub | F5.5 | |
| Helictotricho desertori-Stipion rubentis Toman 1969 | Continental subxeric steppes of northern Kazakhstan and South Urals region | Scorzonero austriacae-Koelerion sclerophyllae Solomeshch et al. 1994; Aconopogonion alpini Yamalov et Mirkin 2010; Galio-Onosmion simplicissimae Saitov 1989; Orostachyion spinosae Saitov 1989; Lathyro pallescentis-Helictotrichion schelliani Solomeshch et al. 1994; Aconopogonion alpini Yamalov et Zhirnova in Yamalov et al. 2012 | Perennial calcareous grassland and basic steppes | E1.2 |
| Hieracio castellani-Plantaginion radicatae Rivas-Mart. et Cantó 1987 | Supra-oromediterranean and supra-orotemperate submediterranean xerophilous silicicolous grasslands of eastern and northern Iberia | Mediterranean-montane grassland | E1.5 | |
| Hieracio castellani-Plantaginion radicatae Rivas-Mart. et Cantó 1987 | Supra-oromediterranean and supra-orotemperate submediterranean xerophilous silicicolous grasslands of eastern and northern Iberia | Open Mediterranean dry acid and neutral grassland | E1.A | |
| Hieracion carpetani González-Albo 1941 | Crevice vegetation on siliceous substrates of high mountains in central and northern Spain | Saxifragion willkommianae Rivas-Mart. 1964; Saxifragion caballeroi Rivas-Mart. 1964 corr. Rivas-Mart. et C. Sáenz 1986 | Acid siliceous inland cliffs | H3.1 |
| Hippocrepido glaucae-Stipion austroitalicae Forte et Terzi in Forte et al. 2005 | Submediterranean xeric pasture on skeletal calcareous soils of Apulia (southern Italy) | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | E1.1 | |
| Holcion caespitosi Quézel 1953 | Vegetation of oromediterranean siliceous screes and moraines of Sierra Nevada (Iberian Peninsula) | Violo-Linarion glacialis Esteve et P. Prieto in P. Prieto 1973 | Acid siliceous screes of warm exposures | H2.5 |
| Holoschoeno australis-Salicion arenariae Neto et al. 2004 | Willow dune scrub on dunes of southwestern Iberian Peninsula | Temperate thickets and scrub | F3.1 | |
| Holoschoeno australis-Salicion arenariae Neto et al. 2004 | Willow dune scrub on dunes of southwestern Iberian Peninsula | Coastal dune scrub | B1.6 | |
| Honckenyo diffusae-Leymion mollis Géhu 1999 | Vegetation of grassy swards on rocky and sandy beaches of shores of Greenland | Sand beaches above the driftline | B1.2 | |
| Honckenyo diffusae-Leymion mollis Géhu 1999 | Vegetation of grassy swards on rocky and sandy beaches of shores of Greenland | Shingle beach driftlines | B2.1 |
