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Source: Schaminée, J.H.J., Chytrý, M., Hennekens, S.M., Mucina, L., Rodwell, J.S. & Tichý, L. (2012): Development of vegetation syntaxa crosswalks to EUNIS habitat classification and related data sets
| Name | Definition | Synonyms | EUNIS habitat type | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cymodoceion nodosae Den Hartog ex Mucina all. nova. hoc loco | Vegetation of eel-grass swards on muddy and sandy substrates of subtropical seas of sublittoral of Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea | Cymodoceion nodosae Den Hartog 1976; Syringodio-Thalassion testidinum Borhidi 1996 (sensu Rivas-Martinez et al. 1999) | Littoral sediments dominated by aquatic angiosperms | A2.6 |
| Cynancho-Convolvulion sepium Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Rivas-Mart. 1977 | Western Mediterranean tall-herb nitrophilous riparian vegetation | Cynancho-Convolvulion sepium Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1963; Bromo ramosi-Eupatorion cannabini O. de Bolòs et Masalles in O. de Bolòs 1983; Cynancho-Calystegion sepium Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Rivas-Mart. 1977 nom. mut. propos.; Cynancho acuti-Calystegion sepium Rivas Goday et Rivas-Martínez ex de Foucault 2011 | Moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringes and meadows | E5.4 |
| Cynodonto-Teucrion polii Korzhenevsky et Klyukin 1990 | Sarmatian dwarf-scrub and grasslands on stabilised coastal hinddunes | Coastal stable dune grassland (grey dunes) | B1.4 | |
| Cynosurion cristati Tx. 1947 | Pastures on well-drained mineral-rich soils at lower altitudes of temperate Europe | Ranunculo sardoi-Plantaginion intermediae Julve 1993; Achilleo-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Alchemillo-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Alchemillo-Trifolion repentis Passarge 1976; Bromo mollis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Cardamino pratensis-Cynosurioon Passarge 1969; Eu-Ranunculo repentis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Eu-Thymo pulegeioidis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Lolio perennis-Plantaginion majoris Sissingh 1969; Lolio-Cynosurion Jurko 1974; Lolion perennis Felföldy 1942 nom. ambig. propos.; Lolion perennis Resmerita et Pop 1972; Ranunculo repentis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Rumici crispi-Cynosurion cristati de Foucault 1989; Sanguisorbo minoris-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Thymo pulegioidis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Trifolio repentis-Lolion perennis Dietl 1983; Phleo-Leontodontion (Br.-Bl. et Berset 1957) Dietl 1972; Alchemillo xanthochlorae-Cynosurion (Passarge 1969) de Foucault 1989 | Trampled areas | H5.6 |
| Cynosurion cristati Tx. 1947 | Pastures on well-drained mineral-rich soils at lower altitudes of temperate Europe | Ranunculo sardoi-Plantaginion intermediae Julve 1993; Achilleo-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Alchemillo-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Alchemillo-Trifolion repentis Passarge 1976; Bromo mollis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Cardamino pratensis-Cynosurioon Passarge 1969; Eu-Ranunculo repentis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Eu-Thymo pulegeioidis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Lolio perennis-Plantaginion majoris Sissingh 1969; Lolio-Cynosurion Jurko 1974; Lolion perennis Felföldy 1942 nom. ambig. propos.; Lolion perennis Resmerita et Pop 1972; Ranunculo repentis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Rumici crispi-Cynosurion cristati de Foucault 1989; Sanguisorbo minoris-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Thymo pulegioidis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Trifolio repentis-Lolion perennis Dietl 1983; Phleo-Leontodontion (Br.-Bl. et Berset 1957) Dietl 1972; Alchemillo xanthochlorae-Cynosurion (Passarge 1969) de Foucault 1989 | Low and medium altitude hay meadows | E2.2 |
| Cynosurion cristati Tx. 1947 | Pastures on well-drained mineral-rich soils at lower altitudes of temperate Europe | Ranunculo sardoi-Plantaginion intermediae Julve 1993; Achilleo-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Alchemillo-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Alchemillo-Trifolion repentis Passarge 1976; Bromo mollis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Cardamino pratensis-Cynosurioon Passarge 1969; Eu-Ranunculo repentis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Eu-Thymo pulegeioidis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Lolio perennis-Plantaginion majoris Sissingh 1969; Lolio-Cynosurion Jurko 1974; Lolion perennis Felföldy 1942 nom. ambig. propos.; Lolion perennis Resmerita et Pop 1972; Ranunculo repentis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Rumici crispi-Cynosurion cristati de Foucault 1989; Sanguisorbo minoris-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Thymo pulegioidis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Trifolio repentis-Lolion perennis Dietl 1983; Phleo-Leontodontion (Br.-Bl. et Berset 1957) Dietl 1972; Alchemillo xanthochlorae-Cynosurion (Passarge 1969) de Foucault 1989 | Permanent mesotrophic pastures and aftermath-grazed meadows | E2.1 |
| Cynosurion cristati Tx. 1947 | Pastures on well-drained mineral-rich soils at lower altitudes of temperate Europe | Ranunculo sardoi-Plantaginion intermediae Julve 1993; Achilleo-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Alchemillo-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Alchemillo-Trifolion repentis Passarge 1976; Bromo mollis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Cardamino pratensis-Cynosurioon Passarge 1969; Eu-Ranunculo repentis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Eu-Thymo pulegeioidis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Lolio perennis-Plantaginion majoris Sissingh 1969; Lolio-Cynosurion Jurko 1974; Lolion perennis Felföldy 1942 nom. ambig. propos.; Lolion perennis Resmerita et Pop 1972; Ranunculo repentis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Rumici crispi-Cynosurion cristati de Foucault 1989; Sanguisorbo minoris-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Thymo pulegioidis-Cynosurion Passarge 1969; Trifolio repentis-Lolion perennis Dietl 1983; Phleo-Leontodontion (Br.-Bl. et Berset 1957) Dietl 1972; Alchemillo xanthochlorae-Cynosurion (Passarge 1969) de Foucault 1989 | Agriculturally-improved, re-seeded and heavily fertilised grassland, including sports fields and grass lawns | E2.6 |
| Cypero-Spergularion salinae Slavnic 1948 | Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation of periodically flooded saline habitats in subcontinental Central and Eastern Europe | Crypsion aculeatae Pignatti 1953 | Continental inland salt steppes | E6.2 |
| Cypero-Spergularion salinae Slavnic 1948 | Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation of periodically flooded saline habitats in subcontinental Central and Eastern Europe | Crypsion aculeatae Pignatti 1953 | Periodically inundated shores with pioneer and ephemeral vegetation | C3.5 |
| Cytision multiflori Rivas-Mart. 1974 | Western Iberian supramediterranean subhumid-hyperhumid silicicolous broomy genistoid retamal | Genistion polygaliphyllae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984 | Submediterranean deciduous thickets and brushes | F3.2 |
| Cytision oromediterraneo-scoparii Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002 | Auverno-Pyreneean suboceanic temperate humid to hyperhumid silicicolous broomy heath and forest mantle | Cytision oromediterraneo-scoparii Rivas-Mart. et al. 2001 | Temperate thickets and scrub | F3.1 |
| Cytision oromediterranei Tx. in Tx. et Oberd. 1958 corr. Rivas-Mart. 1987 | Silicolous orotemperate, mainly submediterranean juniper scrub of Central Iberian and Cantabrian mountains | Cytision purgantis Tx. in Tx. et Oberd. 1958 nom. mut. propos.; Genistion purgantis Tx. 1954; Genistion purgantis Tx. in Tx. et Oberd. 1958; Junipero-Cytision purgantis Br.-Bl. et al. 1965; Nano-Juniperion Rothmaler 1954; Pino-Cytision purgantis Rivas-Mart. 1964; Cytiso oromediterranei-Pinion Rivas-Mart. 1964 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1987 nom. invers. propos.; Pino-Cytision oromediterranei Rivas-Mart. 1964 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1987 | Evergreen alpine and subalpine heath and scrub | F2.2 |
| Cytision sessilifolii Biondi in Biondi et al. 1989 | Submediterranean thermophilous broom scrub of submontane and montane belts of Central and Southern Apennines | Cytision sessilifolii Biondi in Biondi et al. 1988 | Submediterranean deciduous thickets and brushes | F3.2 |
| Cytision sessilifolii Biondi in Biondi et al. 1989 | Submediterranean thermophilous broom scrub of submontane and montane belts of Central and Southern Apennines | Cytision sessilifolii Biondi in Biondi et al. 1988 | [Spartium junceum] fields | F5.4 |
| Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion erecti Bonin 1978 | Submediterranean xeric calcareous open grasslands of submontane and lower montane belts of Central and Southern Apennines | Crepido lacerae-Phleion ambigui Biondi et Blasi 1982; Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti Biondi et al. ex Biondi et Galdenzi 2012; Violo pseudogracilis-Bromopsion caprinae Terzi 2011; Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti Biondi et al. 1995; Siderition italicae Ubaldi 2011; Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion caprini Bonin in Barbero et Bonin 1969 | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | E1.1 |
| Daboecion azoricae Lüpnitz 1975 | High-altitude hyperhumid heath of Azores | Macaronesian heaths | F4.3 | |
| Daboecion cantabricae (Dupont ex Rivas-Mart. 1979) Rivas-Mart. et al. in Loidi et al.1997 | Hiberno-Cantabrian and French Biscayan humid-superhumid ericoid heath over acid ferric-humic podsols | Daboecion cantabricae Dupont 1975; Daboecion cantabricae (Dupont ex Rivas-Mart. 1979) Rivas-Mart., Fernández-González et Loidi 1999 | Wet heaths | F4.1 |
| Daboecion cantabricae (Dupont ex Rivas-Mart. 1979) Rivas-Mart. et al. in Loidi et al.1997 | Hiberno-Cantabrian and French Biscayan humid-superhumid ericoid heath over acid ferric-humic podsols | Daboecion cantabricae Dupont 1975; Daboecion cantabricae (Dupont ex Rivas-Mart. 1979) Rivas-Mart., Fernández-González et Loidi 1999 | Dry heaths | F4.2 |
| Dactylido hispanicae-Helichrysion stoechadis Géhu et Biondi in Géhu 1994 | Coastal dwarf scrub on salt-sprayed cliffs of coasts of southern France and cantabro-atlantic Iberian Peninsula | Western garrigues | F6.1 | |
| Dactylido hispanicae-Helichrysion stoechadis Géhu et Biondi in Géhu 1994 | Coastal dwarf scrub on salt-sprayed cliffs of coasts of southern France and cantabro-atlantic Iberian Peninsula | Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms | B3.3 | |
| Dactylorhizo-Juncion striati S. Brullo et Grillo 1978 | Humid meadows of high altitudes of Calabria and Sicilia | Mediterranean short humid grassland | E3.2 | |
| Daphno oleoidis-Juniperion alpinae Stanisci 1997 | Relic subalpine dry juniper low scrub on calcareous substrates of Central and Southern Apennines | Evergreen alpine and subalpine heath and scrub | F2.2 | |
| Daphno-Genistion radiatae N. Randelovic et Rexhepi 1980 | Relic supramontane dwarf heath on ultramafic and calcaeous substrates of Southern Dinarides | Daphneion oleoidis Lakušic in B. Jovanovic, R. Jovanovic et Zupancic et al. 1986; Cytisanthion radiati N. Randelovic et Rexhepi 1979; Cytisanthion radiati Lakušic in B. Jovanovic et al. 1986; Daphneion oleoidis Lakušic 1968; Daphno-Genistion radiatae N. Randelovic, Rexhepi et Jovanovic 1969 | Evergreen alpine and subalpine heath and scrub | F2.2 |
| Dauco-Catananchion luteae S. Brullo 1985 | Siculo-Calabrian subhalophilous therophyte swards on loamy-clay soils | Mediterranean xeric grassland | E1.3 | |
| Dauco-Melilotion Görs ex Rostanski et Gutte 1971 | Xero-mesophilous ruderal vegetation dominated by biennial plants of temperate and sub-boreal Europe | Dauco-Melilotion Görs 1966; Dauco-Melilotion Görs in Oberd. et al. 1967; Tanaceto-Artemision vulgaris Golub et al. 2005; Tussilaginion Szabó 1971 | Bare tilled, fallow or recently abandoned arable land | I1.5 |
| Dauco-Melilotion Görs ex Rostanski et Gutte 1971 | Xero-mesophilous ruderal vegetation dominated by biennial plants of temperate and sub-boreal Europe | Dauco-Melilotion Görs 1966; Dauco-Melilotion Görs in Oberd. et al. 1967; Tanaceto-Artemision vulgaris Golub et al. 2005; Tussilaginion Szabó 1971 | Anthropogenic herb stands | E5.1 |
| Delphinion elati Hadac ex Hadac et al. 1969 | Sub-montane to subalpine calcicolous tall-herb communities of Carpathians | Carduo-Urticion dioicae Hadac 1962; Carduo-Urticion dioicae Hadac in Hadac et al. 1969; Delphinion elati Hadac 1962 | Subalpine moist or wet tall-herb and fern stands | E5.5 |
| Deschampsio maderensis-Parafestucion albidae Capelo et al. 2000 | Madeirean silicicolous perennial grasslands of supra-temperate hyperhumid regions on shallow andosols on rocky outcrops of Madeira | Closed Mediterranean dry acid and neutral grassland | E1.8 | |
| Deschampsio maderensis-Parafestucion albidae Capelo et al. 2000 | Madeirean silicicolous perennial grasslands of supra-temperate hyperhumid regions on shallow andosols on rocky outcrops of Madeira | Mediterranean xeric grassland | E1.3 | |
| Deschampsion argenteae Capelo et al. 2000 | Maderean herblands along freshwater fast flowing streams | Reedbeds normally without free-standing water | D5.1 | |
| Deschampsion argenteae Capelo et al. 2000 | Maderean herblands along freshwater fast flowing streams | Water-fringing reedbeds and tall helophytes other than canes | C3.2 | |
| Deschampsion cespitosae Horvatic 1930 | Floodplain alluvial unfertilised meadows of sub-continental regions of Europe | Veronico longifoliae-Lysimachion vulgaris (Passarge 1977) Bal.-Tul. 1981; Agrostion albae Soó 1941; Alopecurion pratensis Passarge 1964; Cnidion dubii Bal.-Tul. 1966 nom. mut. propos.; Cnidion venosi Bal.-Tul. 1965; Cnidion venosi Bal.-Tul. 1966; Deschampsio-Alopecurion Mirkin et Naumova 1986 | Moist or wet eutrophic and mesotrophic grassland | E3.4 |
| Deschampsion cespitosae Horvatic 1930 | Floodplain alluvial unfertilised meadows of sub-continental regions of Europe | Veronico longifoliae-Lysimachion vulgaris (Passarge 1977) Bal.-Tul. 1981; Agrostion albae Soó 1941; Alopecurion pratensis Passarge 1964; Cnidion dubii Bal.-Tul. 1966 nom. mut. propos.; Cnidion venosi Bal.-Tul. 1965; Cnidion venosi Bal.-Tul. 1966; Deschampsio-Alopecurion Mirkin et Naumova 1986 | Low and medium altitude hay meadows | E2.2 |
| Deschampsion cespitosae Horvatic 1930 | Floodplain alluvial unfertilised meadows of sub-continental regions of Europe | Veronico longifoliae-Lysimachion vulgaris (Passarge 1977) Bal.-Tul. 1981; Agrostion albae Soó 1941; Alopecurion pratensis Passarge 1964; Cnidion dubii Bal.-Tul. 1966 nom. mut. propos.; Cnidion venosi Bal.-Tul. 1965; Cnidion venosi Bal.-Tul. 1966; Deschampsio-Alopecurion Mirkin et Naumova 1986 | Meadows of the steppe zone | E2.5 |
| Deschampsion cespitosae Horvatic 1930 | Floodplain alluvial unfertilised meadows of sub-continental regions of Europe | Veronico longifoliae-Lysimachion vulgaris (Passarge 1977) Bal.-Tul. 1981; Agrostion albae Soó 1941; Alopecurion pratensis Passarge 1964; Cnidion dubii Bal.-Tul. 1966 nom. mut. propos.; Cnidion venosi Bal.-Tul. 1965; Cnidion venosi Bal.-Tul. 1966; Deschampsio-Alopecurion Mirkin et Naumova 1986 | Permanent mesotrophic pastures and aftermath-grazed meadows | E2.1 |
| Deschampsion cespitosae Horvatic 1930 | Floodplain alluvial unfertilised meadows of sub-continental regions of Europe | Veronico longifoliae-Lysimachion vulgaris (Passarge 1977) Bal.-Tul. 1981; Agrostion albae Soó 1941; Alopecurion pratensis Passarge 1964; Cnidion dubii Bal.-Tul. 1966 nom. mut. propos.; Cnidion venosi Bal.-Tul. 1965; Cnidion venosi Bal.-Tul. 1966; Deschampsio-Alopecurion Mirkin et Naumova 1986 | Moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringes and meadows | E5.4 |
| Deschampsion litoralis Oberd. et Dierßen in Dierßen 1975 | Pioneer vegetation of dry upper littoral of large low-altitude glacial lakes northern and southern rims of Alps | Temporary lakes, ponds and pools | C1.6 | |
| Deschampsion litoralis Oberd. et Dierßen in Dierßen 1975 | Pioneer vegetation of dry upper littoral of large low-altitude glacial lakes northern and southern rims of Alps | Species-poor beds of low-growing water-fringing or amphibious vegetation | C3.4 | |
| Deschampsion mediae Br.-Bl. et al. 1952 nom. conserv. propos. | Humid mesomediterranean, supramediterranean and submediterranean pastures on clayey soils of eastern Iberian Peninsula and southern France | Deschampsio mediae-Molinion arundinaceae (de Foucault 1984) Géhu 1999; Aphyllantion Br.-Bl. et Pawlowski ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011; Aphyllanthion Br.-Bl. et Pawlowski 1931 nom. ambig. propos. | Mediterranean tall humid grassland | E3.1 |
| Dianthion rupicolae S. Brullo et Marcenó 1979 | Thermo-mesomediterranean chasmophytic vegetation of limestone crevices of Tyrrhenian coasts of Sicila and Calabria | Centaureion pentadactyli S. Brullo et al. 2001 | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 |
| Diantho catalaunici-Scrophularion humifusae Baudiere et Simonneau 1974 | Catalonian-Languedocian grasslands on coastal stabilised sandy soils | Coastal stable dune grassland (grey dunes) | B1.4 | |
| Diantho guttati-Million vernalis Umanets et Solomakha 1998 | Subsaline dry steppes of lower Dnepr River region | Halimiono-Aperion maritimae Umanets et Solomakha 1998; Kochio-Artemisietum austriacae Umanets et Solomakha 1998 | Continental inland salt steppes | E6.2 |
| Diantho humilis-Velezion rigidae Korzhenevsky et Klyukin ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2013 | Ephemeral therophyte pastures calcareous substartes of montane regions of Crimea | Diantho humilis-Velezion rigidae Korzhenevsky et Klyukin 1990 | Mediterranean xeric grassland | E1.3 |
| Diantho lumnitzeri-Seslerion (Soó 1971) Chytrý et Mucina in Mucina et Kolbek 1993 | Dealpine xerophilous grasslands on calcareous substrates of southeastern Central Europe | Asplenio cuneifolii-Armerion serpentini Kolbek et al. 1983 | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | E1.1 |
| Diantho pinifolii-Jasionion heldreichii Bergmeier et al. 2009 | Pioneer herb-rich vegetation on acidic shallow soils on rocky outcrops and stabilised ultramafic rubble of northern Hellas | Open non-Mediterranean dry acid and neutral grassland, including inland dune grassland | E1.9 | |
| Diantho pinifolii-Jasionion heldreichii Bergmeier et al. 2009 | Pioneer herb-rich vegetation on acidic shallow soils on rocky outcrops and stabilised ultramafic rubble of northern Hellas | Weathered rock and outcrop habitats | H3.6 | |
| Diantho pinifolii-Jasionion heldreichii Bergmeier et al. 2009 | Pioneer herb-rich vegetation on acidic shallow soils on rocky outcrops and stabilised ultramafic rubble of northern Hellas | Inland sand and rock with open vegetation | E1.1 | |
| Dicrano-Pinion (Libbert 1933) W. Matuszkiewicz 1962 | European temperate and sub-boreal pine woodlands communities of acidic sandy soils | Corynephoro-Pinion sylvestris Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Pleurozio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Festuco ovinae-Pinion sylvestris Vorobiov et al. 1997; Cetrario-Pinion hercynicae Passarge 1968; Cladonio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968; Corynephoro-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968; Deschampsio-Pinion sylvestris Br.-Bl. 1961; Piceo-Pinion sylvestris Lakušic 1982; Pinion medioeuropaeum Libbert 1933; Pinion sylvestris Lakušic 1976; Pleurozio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968; Vaccinio-Pinion (Libbert 1933) Passarge 1968; Vaccinio-Pinion hercynicae Passarge 1969; Pinion (Libbert 1933) Oberd. 1957 nom. rejic. propos.; Pino-Quercion Medwecka-Kornas et al. in Szafer 1959; Cladonio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968 | [Pinus] taiga woodland | G3.B |
| Dicrano-Pinion (Libbert 1933) W. Matuszkiewicz 1962 | European temperate and sub-boreal pine woodlands communities of acidic sandy soils | Corynephoro-Pinion sylvestris Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Pleurozio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Festuco ovinae-Pinion sylvestris Vorobiov et al. 1997; Cetrario-Pinion hercynicae Passarge 1968; Cladonio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968; Corynephoro-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968; Deschampsio-Pinion sylvestris Br.-Bl. 1961; Piceo-Pinion sylvestris Lakušic 1982; Pinion medioeuropaeum Libbert 1933; Pinion sylvestris Lakušic 1976; Pleurozio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968; Vaccinio-Pinion (Libbert 1933) Passarge 1968; Vaccinio-Pinion hercynicae Passarge 1969; Pinion (Libbert 1933) Oberd. 1957 nom. rejic. propos.; Pino-Quercion Medwecka-Kornas et al. in Szafer 1959; Cladonio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968 | [Pinus sylvestris] woodland south of the taiga | G3.4 |
| Dicrano-Pinion (Libbert 1933) W. Matuszkiewicz 1962 | European temperate and sub-boreal pine woodlands communities of acidic sandy soils | Corynephoro-Pinion sylvestris Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Pleurozio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968; Festuco ovinae-Pinion sylvestris Vorobiov et al. 1997; Cetrario-Pinion hercynicae Passarge 1968; Cladonio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968; Corynephoro-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968; Deschampsio-Pinion sylvestris Br.-Bl. 1961; Piceo-Pinion sylvestris Lakušic 1982; Pinion medioeuropaeum Libbert 1933; Pinion sylvestris Lakušic 1976; Pleurozio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968; Vaccinio-Pinion (Libbert 1933) Passarge 1968; Vaccinio-Pinion hercynicae Passarge 1969; Pinion (Libbert 1933) Oberd. 1957 nom. rejic. propos.; Pino-Quercion Medwecka-Kornas et al. in Szafer 1959; Cladonio-Pinion sylvestris Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968 | Coastal dune woods | B1.7 |
| Dictamno albi-Ferulagion galbaniferae (van Gils et al. 1975) de Foucault et al. ex Carni et Dengler in Mucina et al. 2009 | Xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation of Illyrian and Dinaric regions of Balkan Peninsula | Dictamno albi-Ferulagion galbaniferae (van Gils et al. 1975) de Foucault et al. 1983 | Thermophile woodland fringes | E5.2 |
| Diplachnion serotinae Br.-Bl. 1961 | Warm-tenperate acidophilous steppic grasslands of precipitation-rich insubrian summer-rainfall climate on southern rims of Alps | Perennial calcareous grassland and basic steppes | E1.2 | |
| Diplotaxidion erucoidis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1936 | Weed vegetation on neutral to basic soils in thermo-mesomediterrannean belts of Central and Western Mediterranean | Diplotaxion Br.-Bl. 1931 (orig. form); Heliotropion Oberd. 1954; Calendulo arvensis-Heliotropion europaei Trinajstic 2008 | Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods | I1.3 |
| Doronicion corsici Gamisans 1975 | Tall-herb communities in supramediterranean and oromediterranean belts of Corsica | Cymbalarion hepaticifoliae Gamisans 1975; Cymbalarion hepaticifoliae Gamisans 1977; Doronicion corsici Gamisans 1977 | Subalpine moist or wet tall-herb and fern stands | E5.5 |
| Dorycnio recti-Rumicion conglomerati Gradstein et Schmittenberg 1977 | Central and Eastern Mediterranean tall-herb nitrophilous riparian vegetation | Dorycnion recti Géhu et Biondi 1989 | Moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringes and meadows | E5.4 |
| Drabion hoppeanae Zollitsch in Merxmüller et Zollitsch 1967 | Subnival and alpine vegetation on lime-rich shale screes and congelifracted slopes of Alps | Drabion hoppeanae Zollitsch 1966; Drabion hoppeanae Zollitsch 1968; Drabion hoppeanae Zollitsch in Oberd. et al. 1967 | Temperate-montane calcareous and ultra-basic screes | H2.4 |
| Drabo cuspidatae-Campanulion tauricae Ryff 2000 | Chasmophytic vegetation of calcareous cliffs of Crimean mountains | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 | |
| Dryadion integrifoliae Ohba ex Daniëls 1982 | Wind-exposed dwarf shrub heath and graminoid vegetation on non acidic substrates of Greenland and Arctic North America | Dryadion integrifoliae Ohba 1974 | Evergreen alpine and subalpine heath and scrub | F2.2 |
| Dryadion integrifoliae Ohba ex Daniëls 1982 | Wind-exposed dwarf shrub heath and graminoid vegetation on non acidic substrates of Greenland and Arctic North America | Dryadion integrifoliae Ohba 1974 | Moss and lichen tundra | F1.2 |
| Dryadion integrifoliae Ohba ex Daniëls 1982 | Wind-exposed dwarf shrub heath and graminoid vegetation on non acidic substrates of Greenland and Arctic North America | Dryadion integrifoliae Ohba 1974 | Calcareous alpine and subalpine grassland | E4.4 |
| Dryopteridion oreadis Rivas-Mart. 1977 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984 | Vegetation of montane-subalpine and relict oro-mediterranean siliceous screes and moraines of Pyrenean, Iberian and Apenninian Peninsulas | Dryopteridion oreadis Rivas-Mart. 1977 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1982; Dryopteridion abbreviatae Rivas-Mart. 1977; Dryopteridion oreadis Rivas-Mart. 1977 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986 | Acid siliceous screes of warm exposures | H2.5 |
| Dryopteridion oreadis Rivas-Mart. 1977 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984 | Vegetation of montane-subalpine and relict oro-mediterranean siliceous screes and moraines of Pyrenean, Iberian and Apenninian Peninsulas | Dryopteridion oreadis Rivas-Mart. 1977 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1982; Dryopteridion abbreviatae Rivas-Mart. 1977; Dryopteridion oreadis Rivas-Mart. 1977 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986 | Temperate-montane acid siliceous screes | H2.3 |
| Dryopterido azoricae-Laurion azoricae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002 | Azorean meso-supratemperate humid laurisilva forests | Dryopterido azoricae-Laurion azoricae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2001; Laurion macaronesicum Lüpnitz 1976 | Macaronesian [Laurus] woodland | G2.3 |
| Dryopterido-Athyrion distentifolii (Holub ex Sýkora et Štursa 1973) Jeník et al. 1980 | Fern-rich communities on fertile soils at high altitudes of Alps, Carpathians, Hercynicum and Scandinavia | Subalpine moist or wet tall-herb and fern stands | E5.5 | |
| Dupontion fischeri Hadac 1946 | Arctic subsaline coastal peaty meadows on clayey soils of Svalbard and Greenland | Caricion stantis Elvebakk 2002 | Rich fens, including eutrophic tall-herb fens and calcareous flushes and soaks | D4.1 |
| Dupontion fischeri Hadac 1946 | Arctic subsaline coastal peaty meadows on clayey soils of Svalbard and Greenland | Caricion stantis Elvebakk 2002 | Coastal saltmarshes and saline reedbeds | A2.5 |
| Echinospartion horridi Rivas-Mart. et al. 1991 | Supra-orotemperate submediterranean calcareous low scrub of aragonian region of Pyrenees | Supra-Mediterranean garrigues | F6.6 | |
| Echinospartion horridi Rivas-Mart. et al. 1991 | Supra-orotemperate submediterranean calcareous low scrub of aragonian region of Pyrenees | Hedgehog-heaths | F7.4 | |
| Echio-Galactition tomentosae O. de Bolòs et Molinier 1969 | Mediterranean tall herb ruderal vegetation on calcareous nutrient-rich disturbed and man-made soils | Anthropogenic herb stands | E5.1 | |
| Edraianthion Lakušic 1968 | Vegetation of limestone crevices of montane to supramontane belt of Southern Dinarides | Edraianthion glisicii Lakušic 1984; Edraianthion jugoslavici Lakušic 1973; Edraianthion jugoslavici Lakušic 1975; Edraianthion jugoslavici Lakušic 1984; Edraianthion serpyllifolii Lakušic 1983; Edraianthion serpyllifolii Lakušic 1984; Edraianthion jugoslavici subalpinae serpentinicum D. Lakušic et V. Randelovic 1996 | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 |
| Edraiantho graminifolii-Erysimion comati Mucina et al. 1990 | Vegetation of sunny calcareous rock faces and crevices in subalpine belt of central Balkans | Saxifragion coryophylleae Lakušic et al. 1979 | Basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs | H3.2 |
| Elatino macropodae-Damasonion alismatis de Foucault 1988 | Pioneer ephemeral vegetation of temporary flooded mesotrophic depressions of winter-mild submediterranean and Atlantic regions | Periodically inundated shores with pioneer and ephemeral vegetation | C3.5 | |
| Eleocharition soloniensis Philippi 1968 | Pioneer ephemeral vegetation of temporarily flooded mesotrophic to eutrophic habitats of Central Europe, temperate Asia and North America | Gnaphalio-Juncion bufonii (Philippi 1968) Passarge 1978; Elatino-Eleocharition ovatae Pietsch 1973; Juncion bufonii Philippi 1968; Eleocharition ovatae Philippi 1968 nom. mut. propos.; Cypero-Lindernion dubiae Müller-Stoll et Pietsch in T. Müller 1963; Elatino-Eleocharition ovatae Pietsch et Müller-Stoll 1968 | Periodically inundated shores with pioneer and ephemeral vegetation | C3.5 |
| Eleocharito palustris-Sagittarion sagittifoliae Passarge 1964 | Vegetation of emergent helophytes on muddy soils of shallows streams and ponds with fluctuating water table of temperate and boreal Eurasia | Oenanthion aquaticae Hejný 1948; Phalarido-Glycerion Passarge 1964 p.p.; Mentho arvensis-Eleocharition palustris de Foucault in de Foucault et Catteau 2012; Cirsio brachycephali-Bolboschoenion Passarge ex Mucina in Balátová-Tulácková et al. 1993; Oenanthion aquaticae sensu auct., non Hejný ex Neuhäusl 1959 | Species-rich helophyte beds | C3.1 |
| Eleocharito palustris-Sagittarion sagittifoliae Passarge 1964 | Vegetation of emergent helophytes on muddy soils of shallows streams and ponds with fluctuating water table of temperate and boreal Eurasia | Oenanthion aquaticae Hejný 1948; Phalarido-Glycerion Passarge 1964 p.p.; Mentho arvensis-Eleocharition palustris de Foucault in de Foucault et Catteau 2012; Cirsio brachycephali-Bolboschoenion Passarge ex Mucina in Balátová-Tulácková et al. 1993; Oenanthion aquaticae sensu auct., non Hejný ex Neuhäusl 1959 | Water-fringing reedbeds and tall helophytes other than canes | C3.2 |
| Elymion arenarii Christiansen 1927 | Vegetation of cool-temperate atlantic tall-grass swards on embryonic coastal sand dunes | Ammophilion arenariae Géhu 1998; Ammophilion arenariae Tx. 1955; Ammophilion borealis Tx. 1955; Ammophilion borealis Tx. in Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1952; Elymo-Ammophilion (Tx. 1955) Oberd et al. 1967; Psammion arenariae Iversen 1936 (orig. form) | Sand beaches above the driftline | B1.2 |
| Elymion arenarii Christiansen 1927 | Vegetation of cool-temperate atlantic tall-grass swards on embryonic coastal sand dunes | Ammophilion arenariae Géhu 1998; Ammophilion arenariae Tx. 1955; Ammophilion borealis Tx. 1955; Ammophilion borealis Tx. in Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1952; Elymo-Ammophilion (Tx. 1955) Oberd et al. 1967; Psammion arenariae Iversen 1936 (orig. form) | Shifting coastal dunes | B1.3 |
| Elymion gigantei Morariu 1957 | Vegetation of Euxinic tall-grass swards on embryonic coastal sand dunes | Leymion sabulosi Morariu 1957 nom. mut. propos. | Shifting coastal dunes | B1.3 |
| Elymion gigantei Morariu 1957 | Vegetation of Euxinic tall-grass swards on embryonic coastal sand dunes | Leymion sabulosi Morariu 1957 nom. mut. propos. | Sand beaches above the driftline | B1.2 |
| Elymo littorei-Rumicion crispi (Nordhagen 1940) Isermann et Dengler in Isermann 2004 | Boreo-atlantic pioneer vegetation of coastal shingle beaches enriched with organic detritus of Baltic and North Sea coasts | Agropyro-Rumicion Nordhagen 1940 nom. ambig. propos.; Elytrigio-Rumicion crispi Nordhagen 1940 nom. mut. propos. | Shingle beach driftlines | B2.1 |
| Elymo littorei-Rumicion crispi (Nordhagen 1940) Isermann et Dengler in Isermann 2004 | Boreo-atlantic pioneer vegetation of coastal shingle beaches enriched with organic detritus of Baltic and North Sea coasts | Agropyro-Rumicion Nordhagen 1940 nom. ambig. propos.; Elytrigio-Rumicion crispi Nordhagen 1940 nom. mut. propos. | Upper shingle beaches with open vegetation | B2.3 |
| Elymo littorei-Rumicion crispi (Nordhagen 1940) Isermann et Dengler in Isermann 2004 | Boreo-atlantic pioneer vegetation of coastal shingle beaches enriched with organic detritus of Baltic and North Sea coasts | Agropyro-Rumicion Nordhagen 1940 nom. ambig. propos.; Elytrigio-Rumicion crispi Nordhagen 1940 nom. mut. propos. | Sand beach driftlines | B1.1 |
| Elytrigio bessarabicae-Lactucion tataricae Korzhenevsky ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2013 | Subaerohaline grasslands of limestone boulder-pebble beaches of Crimea | Lactuco tatarici-Elytrigion bessarabicae Korzhenevsky 2001; Lactuco tatarici-Elytrigion bessarabicae Korzhenevsky et Klyukin 1990 | Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms | B3.3 |
| Elytrigio nodosae-Quercion pubescentis Didukh 1996 | Crimean thermophilous oak forests on deep dry soils on south-facing slopes over limestone | Thermophilous deciduous woodland | G1.7 | |
| Elytrigio nodosae-Rhuion coriariae Korzhenevsky et Ryff 2002 | Thermophilous submediterranean scrub vegetation on eroding calcareous loamy schists of Crimea | Calcareous and ultra-basic screes of warm exposures | H2.6 | |
| Elytrigio-Aeluropodion Ageleulov et Golub in Golub 1995 | Halophilous alluvial temporary flooded grassland swards in semi-desert zone of lower Ural River valley | Temporary running waters | C2.5 | |
| Empetrion nigri Schubert ex Westhoff et Den Held 1969 | Heath of coastal atlantic regions of Western and Europe and southern Sweden | Empetrion boreale Bøcher 1943; Empetrion nigri Schubert 1960 | Coastal dune heaths | B1.5 |
| Empetrion nigri Schubert ex Westhoff et Den Held 1969 | Heath of coastal atlantic regions of Western and Europe and southern Sweden | Empetrion boreale Bøcher 1943; Empetrion nigri Schubert 1960 | Dry heaths | F4.2 |
| Empetro-Piceion obovatae Morozova et al. 2008 | Northeastern European taiga on long-frozen soils and permafrost | [Picea] taiga woodland | G3.A | |
| Empetro-Piceion obovatae Morozova et al. 2008 | Northeastern European taiga on long-frozen soils and permafrost | Boreal bog conifer woodland | G3.D | |
| Empetro-Piceion obovatae Morozova et al. 2008 | Northeastern European taiga on long-frozen soils and permafrost | [Larix] taiga woodland | G3.C | |
| Endymio non-scripti-Fagion Dierschke (1989) 1998 | Beech forests of British Isles and Atlantic seaboards of Western Europe | [Fagus] woodland | G1.6 | |
| Epilobio angustifolii-Tripleurospermion hookeri Ishbirdin, Ishbirdina et Khusainov 1996 | Anthropogenic communities of disturbed soils characterised by cryoturbation and solifluction of Arctic northern Russia | Chamerio-Matricarion hookeri Ishbirdin, Ishbirdina et Khusainov 1996; Chamerio-Betulion nanae Khusainov et al. 1989; Matricario hookeri-Poion alpigenae Cherosov 1991; Poo alpigenae-Descurainion sophioides Pestryakov et al. 1992 | Fjell fields and other freeze-thaw features with very sparse or no vegetation | H5.1 |
| Epilobio nutantis-Montion Zechmeister in Zechmeister et Mucina 1994 | Vegetation of oligotrophic water-springs in submontane and montane belts of mountains of Western Europe | Epilobio nutantis-Montion Zechmeister 1993 | Springs, spring brooks and geysers | C2.1 |
| Epilobion angustifolii Oberd. 1957 | Tall-herb perennial subspontaneus vegetation on acidIc soils of forest margins and clearings of boreo-nemporal zones of Europe | Holco mollis-Pteridion aquilini (Passarge 1964) Rameau in Bardat et al. 2004; Atropion Tx. 1947 nom. ambig. propos.; Carici piluliferae-Epilobion angustifolii Tx. 1950; Epilobion angustifolii Eggler 1952; Epilobion angustifolii Rübel 1933; Epilobion angustifolii Soó 1933; Epilobion angustifolii Tx. ex von Rochow 1951; Galeopsio-Senecionion sylvatici Passarge 1981; Mycelido-Senecionion sylvatici Passarge 1981; Prenanthion purpureae Julve 1993; Rumici-Avenellion flexuosae Passarge 1984; Holco mollis-Pteridion aquilini Passarge (1994) 2002; Chamaenerion angustifolii Soó 1933 nom. mut. propos. | Recently felled areas | G5.8 |
| Epilobion angustifolii Oberd. 1957 | Tall-herb perennial subspontaneus vegetation on acidIc soils of forest margins and clearings of boreo-nemporal zones of Europe | Holco mollis-Pteridion aquilini (Passarge 1964) Rameau in Bardat et al. 2004; Atropion Tx. 1947 nom. ambig. propos.; Carici piluliferae-Epilobion angustifolii Tx. 1950; Epilobion angustifolii Eggler 1952; Epilobion angustifolii Rübel 1933; Epilobion angustifolii Soó 1933; Epilobion angustifolii Tx. ex von Rochow 1951; Galeopsio-Senecionion sylvatici Passarge 1981; Mycelido-Senecionion sylvatici Passarge 1981; Prenanthion purpureae Julve 1993; Rumici-Avenellion flexuosae Passarge 1984; Holco mollis-Pteridion aquilini Passarge (1994) 2002; Chamaenerion angustifolii Soó 1933 nom. mut. propos. | [Pteridium aquilinum] fields | E5.3 |
| Epilobion fleischeri G. Br.-Bl. ex Br.-Bl. 1950 | Vegetation of montane-subalpine riverine gravel terraces of Alps and Carpathians | Salicion eleagni Aichinger 1933 nom. mut. propos.; Salicion purpureae Lakušic et al. 1975; Salicion purpureae Lakušic et al. 1979; Salicion purpureae Moor 1958; Epilobion fleischeri G. Br.-Bl. et Br.-Bl. in G. Br.-Bl. 1931; Salicion incanae Aichinger 1933 nom. ambig. propos.; Epilobion fleischeri G. Br.-Bl. ex Br.-Bl. 1949 nom. ambig. propos. | Unvegetated or sparsely vegetated shores with soft or mobile sediments | C3.6 |
| Epipactido atropurpureae-Pinion mugo Stanisci 1997 | Calcicolous krummholz of subalpine belt of Central Apennines | Conifer scrub close to the tree limit | F2.4 | |
| Equiseto-Galion borealis Tx. in Tx. et Böttcher 1969 | Slightly chionophilous grasslands on base-rich volcanic soils of Iceland | Acid alpine and subalpine grassland | E4.3 | |
| Eragrostio-Polygonion arenastri Couderc et Izco ex Carni et Mucina 1998 | Summer-dry trampled vegetation on sandy soils of Western and Central Europe | Eragrostion minoris Pott 1995; Digitario sanguinalis-Polygonion avicularis de Foucault 2010 | Trampled xeric grasslands with annuals | E1.E |
